Literature

N.B. The texts belonging to the Pāli canon are quoted after the editions and translations of the Pāli Text Society. The literature intends to cover all volumes (with additions in forthcoming volumes). Therefore, references here might lack correspondence in the first volume of the dictionary.

 

1.   Commonly quoted dictionaries, reference works or sources

1a. Published works

ADAMS = Adams, Douglas Q. 2013. A Dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and Greatly Enlarged. Amsterdam — New York: Rodopi (Leiden Studies in Indo-European 10).

ATG = von Gabain, Annemarie 1974. Alttürkische Grammatik. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

BAILEY = Bailey, Sir Harold W. 1979. Dictionary of Khotan Saka. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

BHSD = Edgerton, Franklin 1953. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary. Volume II: Dictionary. New Haven (Conn.): Yale University Press.

CDIAL = Turner, Ralph L. 1966. A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages. Volume I: Text. London: Oxford University Press.

CLAUSON = Clauson, Sir Gerard 1972. An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

COU = Couvreur, Walter 1955/56. Bemerkungen zu Pavel Pouchas Thesaurus linguae Tocharicae dialecti A. La Nouvelle Clio 7/8, 67-98.

CHREST = Pinault, Georges-Jean 2008. Chrestomathie Tokharienne. Textes et Grammaire. Leuven — Paris: Peeters (Collection Linguistique publiée par la Société de Linguistique de Paris, 95).

CPD = A Critical Pāli Dictionary. 1924-2011. Begun by Vilhelm Trenckner. Revised, continued and edited by Dines Andersen — Helmer Smith — Hans Hendriksen (Vol. I, 1924-1948). Edited by an international body of Pāli scholars (Vol. II, 1960-1990). Edited by Oskar v. Hinüber — Ole Holten Pind (Vol. III:1-8, 1992-2008). Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.

DP I = Cone, Margaret 2001. A Dictionary of Pāli. Part I: a-kh. Oxford: Pali Text Society.

DP II = Cone, Margaret 2010. A Dictionary of Pāli. Part II: g — n. Bristol: Pali Text Society.

DP III = Cone, Margaret. 2020. A Dictionary of Pāli. Part III: p — bh. Bristol: Pali Text Society.

 

DPPN = Malalasekera, G.P. 1937. Dictionary of Pāli proper names. 2 vols. London: John Murray.

DTA = Carling, Gerd 2009. Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: A-J. Compiled by Gerd Carling in Collaboration with Georges-Jean Pinault and Werner Winter. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

EWAia = Mayrhofer, Manfred 1992-2001. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen. 3 vols.

Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter.

GSR = Karlgren, Bernhard 1964. Grammatica Serica Recensa. Göteborg: Elanders Boktryckeri AB.

HILM = Hilmarsson, Jörundur 1996. Materials for a Tocharian Historical and Etymological Dictionary. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies, Supplementary Series 5. Reykjavík: Málvísindastofnun Háskóla Íslands.

IEW = Pokorny, Julius 1959. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Bern — München: Francke Verlag.

IT = Malzahn, Melanie (ed.) 2007. Instrumenta Tocharica. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter.

JWP = Ji Xianlin — Werner Winter — Georges-Jean Pinault 1998. Fragments of the Tocharian A Maitreyasamiti-Nāṅaka of the Xinjiang Museum, China. Transliterated, translated and annotated. Berlin — New York: Mouton de Gruyter (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 113).

KEWAi = Mayrhofer, Manfred 1956-1976. Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen. 3 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.

LIV = Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben. Die Wurzeln und ihre Primärstammbildungen. Unter Leitung von Helmut Rix und der Mitarbeit vieler anderer bearbeitet von Martin Kümmel, Thomas Zehnder, Reiner Lipp, Brigitte Schirmer. Zweite, erweiterte und verbesserte Auflage, bearbeitet von Martin Kümmel und Helmut Rix 2001. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.

MW = Monier-Williams, Monier 1995=1899. A Sanskrit — English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Reprint Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.

PED = T.W. Rhys Davids — William Stede 1921-1925. The Pāli Text Society's Pāli-English Dictionary. London: Luzac.

PIN = Georges-Jean Pinault, personal comment.

POU = Poucha, Pavel 1955. Thesaurus Linguae Tocharicae Dialecti A. Praha: Státní Pedagogické Nakladatelství (Monografie Archivu Orientálního, Vol. XV).

PW = Böhtlingk, Otto — Rudolf von Roth. 1855-1875. Sanskrit-Wörterbuch. 7 Teile. St. Petersburg: Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften.

PWk = Böhtlingk, Otto von. 1879-1889. Sanskrit-Wörterbuch in kürzerer Fassung. 7 vols. St. Petersburg: Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Schmidt, Richard 1928. Nachträge zum Sanskrit-Wörterbuch in kürzerer Fassung von Otto von Böhtlingk. Leipzig: Harrassowitz.

SHT = Sanskrithandschriften aus den Turfanfunden. Herausgegeben von Ernst Waldschmidt, Lore Sander, Heinz Bechert, Klaus Wille. 1965-2017. Wiesbaden (later Stuttgart): Franz Steiner Verlag (Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland, im Auftrage der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen). 12 volumes: 1965, 1968, 1971, 1980, 1985, 1989, 1995, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012,  2017.

SSS = Sieg, Emil — Wilhelm Siegling — Wilhelm Schulze 1931. Tocharische Grammatik. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

SWTF = Sanskrit-Wörterbuch der buddhistischen Texte aus den Turfan-Funden [und der kanonischer Literatur der Sarvāstivāda-Schule]. 1973-2018. Begonnen von Ernst Waldschmidt. Im Auftrage der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen herausgegeben von Heinz Bechert, Klaus Röhrborn & Jens- Uwe Hartmann. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 4 vols. in 29 fascicles. Bd. I (Vokale). II (k-dh). III (n-m). IV (y-h und Nachträge).

TEB I = Krause, Wolfgang — Werner Thomas 1960. Tocharisches Elementarbuch. Band I: Grammatik.

Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter.

TEB II = Thomas, Werner — Wolfgang Krause 1964. Tocharisches Elementarbuch. Band II: Texte und Glossar. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter.

TS = Sieg, Emil — Wilhelm Siegling 1921. Tocharische Sprachreste. Sprache A. I. Band: Die Texte. Berlin — Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter.

TVS = Malzahn, Melanie 2010. The Tocharian Verbal System. Leiden - Boston: Brill (Brill Studies in Indo- European Languages and Linguistics, 3).

VW = Van Windekens, Albert Joris 1976. Le tokharien confronté avec les autres langues indo-européennes. Vol. I : La phonétique et le vocabulaire. Louvain: Centre International de Dialectologie Générale.

WW = Werner Winter, personal comment

 

1b. Unpublished sources

VTW = Thomas, Werner & Rudolf Dietz. Vorarbeiten zu einem tocharischen Wörterbuch. Unpublished pdf.

2. References and source literature for grammatical identifications, restorations, corrections, translations and derivations and source literature for parallel texts in non-Tocharian languages

Adams, Douglas Quentin

1999. A Dictionary of Tocharian B. Amsterdam — Atlanta: Rodopi (Leiden Studies in Indo-European 10).

2000. Some Observations of Peoples, Places, and Languages in the Tarim Basin in the First Millenium A.D. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 9, 1-28.

2003. “Give to drink“ in Tocharian B and the reflexes of the PIE causative. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 10, 1-9.

2012. Shedding light on *leuk- in Tocharian and Hittite and the wider implications of reconstructing its Indo- European morphology. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 13, 21—55.

André, Jacques

1991. Le vocabulaire latin de l'anatomie. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.

 

Bailey, Harold W.

1937. Ttaugara. Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, 8(4), 883- 921.

1949. Irano-Indica II. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 13(1), 121-139.

1967. Indo-Scythian Studies being Khotanese Texts. Vol. VI: Prolexis to the Book of Zambasta. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Balbir, Nalini

2003[+2004]. Fourmis indiennes. Studia Asiatica. International Journal for Asian Studies 4+5, 385—417.

Barnes, Timothy

2013. The etymology and derivation of TB saswe “lord“ and ñakte (TA ñkät) “god“. Tocharian and Indo- European Studies 14, 31-54.

Baxter, William H. — Laurent Sagart

2014a. Old Chinese. A new reconstruction. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.

2014b. Old Chinese reconstruction. Version 1.1 (September 20, 2014),

http://ocbaxtersagart.lsait.lsa.umich.edu/.

Benveniste, &mile

1979. &tudes sogdiennes. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.

Bernard, Chams.

2023. Like Dust on the Silk Road. An investigation oft he earliest Iranian loanwords and of possible BMAC borrowings in Tocharian. Proefschrift, Universiteit Leiden.

Bernard, Chams — Ruixuan Chen

2020. A Spicy Etymology: TAB śāñcapo. Handout of a paper delivered at the workshop “Tocharian in progress“, Leiden, December 8, 2020.

Bernhard, Franz

1958. Die Nominalkomposition im Tocharischen. Diss., Göttingen.

1965. Udānavarga, Bd. I. Einleitung, Beschreibung der Handschriften, Textausgabe, Bibliographie.

Sanskrittexte aus den Turfanfunden X. Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Philologisch-historische Klasse, Dritte Folge Nr. 54. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

Blažek, Václav — Michal Schwarz

2011. Tocharian AB kwär- “to grow old“. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 12, 57—62.

2015. Tocharian A kopräḽk “antelope, deer“. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 16, 9-15.

2017. Early Indo-Europeans in Central Asia and China. Cultural relations as reflected in language.

Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literatur der Universität Innsbruck (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft, Neue Folge, 13).

 

Burlak, Svetlana — Ilya B. Itkin

2004. Toxarskij tekst A 446: eščë odna rukopis' toxarskoj versii Maitreyasamiti-Nāṅaka. Voprosy Jazykoznanija 2004, 24-35.

2009. The Tocharian A forms naṣ=äṇ, naṣ=äm and n=äṇ, n=äm revisited. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 11, 43—48.

2010. Yreki et autres addenda et corrigenda — 2. In: Nikolaeva, Tatjana Michajlovna (ed.), Issledovanija po lingvistike i semiotike. Sbornik statej k jubileju Vjač. Vs. Ivanova. Moskva: Jazyki Slavjanskich Kulʹtur, 342-358.

2015. “Nevermore“ in Tocharian A: Towards determining the functions of the word śkaṇ. In: Melanie Malzahn — Michaël Peyrot — Hannes A. Fellner — Theresa-Susanna Illés (eds.), Tocharian texts in context. International conference on Tocharian manuscripts and Silk Road culture held June 26—28, 2013 in Vienna. Bremen: Hempen Verlag, 29—36.

Burrow, Thomas

1937. The language of the Kharoṣṅhi documents from Chinese Turkestan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Carling, Gerd

2000. Die Funktionen der lokalen Kasus im Tocharischen. Berlin — New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

2003a. New look at the Tocharian B medical manuscript IOL Toch 306 (Stein Ch.00316.A2) of the British Library — Oriental and India Office Collections. Historische Sprachforschung 116, 75—95.

2003b. Fragments bilingues du Yogaśataka. Révision commentée de l'édition de Jean Filliozat. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 10, 37-68.

2004. Tocharian B erkatse [A *arkäts] and related phenomena. In: Adam Hyllested — Anders Richardt Jørgensen — Jenny Helena Larsson — Thomas Olander (eds.), Per Aspera ad Asteriscos. Studia Indogermanica in honorem Jens Elmegård Rasmussen sexagenarii Idibus Martiis anno MMIV. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft, Bd. 112), 95-101.

2005. Proto-Tocharian, Common Tocharian, and Tocharian — on the value of linguistic connections in a reconstructed language. [Appendix to: Mair, Victor, Genes, Geography, and Glottochronology: The Tarim Basin during Late Prehistory and History.] In: Karlene Jones-Bley et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference. Los Angeles November 5-6, 2004. Washington DC: Institute for the Study of Man (Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph Series, No. 50), 47-71.

Catt, Adam — Athanaric Huard — Yuima Inaba

2020. Tocharian Abhidharma texts I: A philological study of B 197. Journal Asiatique 308 (2), 177-198.

2022. Tocharian Abhidharma texts II: A philological study of A 384-386. Journal Asiatique 310 (2), 237-273.

CEToM

2012-2022. A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts. Vienna University.

URL:http://www.univie.ac.at/tocharian/.

Chamot-Rooke, Timothée

2021. The Tocharian indefinite B ksa, A saṇ: Syntax and philology. Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 116/1, 203-236.

2022a. Back to the Caustic Lye Stream. A revision of the Tocharian fragment A 226 from the

Maitreyāvadānavyākaraṇa. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 21, 5-95.

2022b. La voyelle présuffixale dans les adjectifs thématiques en A -ṣi, B -ṣṣe. Paper presented at the Journée d'études « Linguistique des langues indo-européennes «, Paris, &cole Normale Supérieure, May 7, 2022.

2022c. Note sur tokharien A smāṇ. In : Murad Suleimanov — Dorian Pastor (eds.), Tous les chemins mènent à Paris. Studies inspired by Agnes Korn. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 25-36.

 

Chavannes, &douard

1910-1934. Cinq cents contes et apologues, extraits du Tripiṅaka chinois et traduits en français. 4 vols. Paris: Ernest Leroux.

Cheung, Johnny

2007. Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb. Leiden & Boston: Brill (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, 2).

Ching Chao-jung

2010. Recherches sur les documents séculiers tokhariens: économie bouddhique et société dans la région de Kucha. Sous la direction de Georges-Jean Pinault. Thèse de doctorat, Paris, &cole Pratique des Hautes &tudes.

2019. An Agnean inscription found by Aurel Stein at the Shortchuk Ming-öi (Yanqi, China) kept in the British Library. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 19, 1-26.

Ching, Chao-jung — Hirotoshi Ogihara

2013. A Tocharian B sale contract on a wooden tablet. Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology 5, 101- 127.

Couvreur, Walter

1942. L'étymologie du tocharien. Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire 21 (1), 5—23.

1946. Le caractère sarvāstivādin-vaibhāṣika des fragments tochariens A d'après les marques et épithètes du Bouddha. Le Muséon 59, 577-610.

1947. Rev. G.S. Lane: The Tocharian Puṇyavantajāṅaka: Text and Translation [Reprinted from Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 67, Number 1, Jan.-March, 1947, 33-53]. Bibliotheca Orientalis 4, 124-127.

1948. Overzicht van de Tochaarse Letterkunde. Jaarbericht van het Voorazïatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap. Ex Oriente Lux, Nº 10. (1945-1948), 561-571.

1949. Rev. G.S.Lane: Vocabulary to the Tocharian Puṇyavantajātaka. Supplement to the Journal of the American Oriental Society, Number 8, July-Sept. 1948. Bibliotheca Orientalis 6, 32.

1954a. Rev. Wolfgang Krause, Westtocharische Grammatik. Bd. I: Das Verbum. Heidelberg, 1952.

Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen 208, 79-92.

1954b. Rev. Emil Sieg†: Übersetzungen aus dem Tocharischen. II. Aus dem Nachlass hrsg. von Werner Thomas. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1952. Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 49, 259-261.

1955/56. Bemerkungen zu Pavel Pouchas Thesaurus linguae tocharicae dialecti A. La Nouvelle Clio 7/8, 67- 98.

1956. Rev. Pavel Poucha: Institutiones linguae tocharicae. Pars I. Thesaurus linguae tocharicae dialecti A. Státní Pedagogické Nakladatelství, Praha, 1955. Central Asiatic Journal 2, 79-80.

1959. Rev. Pavel Poucha: Institutiones linguae tocharicae. Pars I. Thesaurus linguae tocharicae dialecti A. Státní Pedagogické Nakladatelství, Praha, 1955. Bibliotheca Orientalis 16, 251-253.

1960. Rev. Pavel Poucha Institutiones linguae tocharicae. Pars II. Chrestomathia tocharica. Státní Pedagogické Nakladatelství, Praha, 1955. Bibliotheca Orientalis 17, 87-88.

1965. Koetsjische schrifttabellen in Slanting Gupta. Orientalia Gandensia 2, 111-143.

1966. Sanskrit-Tochaarse Mātŗceṅafragmenten. Orientalia Gandensia 3, 159—185.

1967. Sanskrit-Tochaarse en Sanskrit-Koetsjische trefwoordenlijsten van de Dīrghāgama (Dīghanikāya). Orientalia Gandensia 4, 151-165.

1968. Zu einigen Sanskrit-Kutschischen Listen von Stichwörtern aus dem Catuṣpariṣatsūtra, Daśottarasūtra und Nidānasaṇyukta. In: Johannes Cornelis Heesterman, G.H. Schokker and V.I. Subramoniam (eds.), Pratidānam. Indian, Iranian and Indo-European Studies. Presented to F.B.J. Kuiper on His Sixtieth Birthday. The Hague and Paris: Mouton, 275—282.

1969. Nieuwe fragmenten van het Catuṣpariṣat-, Mahāparinirvāṇa-, Mahāsudarśana- en Mahāvadānasūtra. Orientalia Gandensia 4, 167-173.

Cowell, Edward B. — Robert A. Neil (eds.)

1886. The Divyâvadâna. A Collection of Early Buddhist Legends. Now first edited from the Nepalese Sanskrit mss. in Cambridge and Paris. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Reprint 1970. Amsterdam: Philo Press.

Degener, Almuth

1990. Das Kathiṇāvadāna. Eingeleitet, herausgegeben und übersetzt. Bonn: Indica et Tibetica Verlag.

Del Tomba, Alessandro — Maggi, Mauro

2021. A Central Asian Buddhist term. Remarks on Khotanese saña- and Tocharian B sāñ, A ṣāñ. Indo- Iranian Journal 64, 199-240.

Dietz, Rudolf

1981. Der Gebrauch der Partizipia Präsentis im Tocharischen. Eine syntaktische Untersuchung. Diss., Frankfurt am Main.

Dotson, Brandon — Constance A. Cook — Zhao Lu

2021. Dice and Gods on the Silk Road. Chinese Buddhists dice divination in transcultural context. (Prognostication in history, vol. 7). Leiden — Boston: Brill.

Dragoni, Federico

2023. Watañi lāntaṇ. Khotanese and Tumshuqese loanwords in Tocharian. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.

Enomoto, Fumio

1997. Sanskrit fragments from the *Saṇgītanipāta of the Saṇyuktāgama. In: Petra Kieffer-Pülz and Jens-Uwe Hartmann (eds.), Bauddhavidyāsudhākaraḥ. Studies in honour of Heinz Bechert on the occasion of his 65^th birthday. Swisttal-Odendorf: Indica et Tibetica, 91-106.

Erdal, Marcel

1991. Old Turkic Word Formation. A functional approach to the lexicon. 2 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

2004. A Grammar of Old Turkic. Leiden-Boston: Brill (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8: Central Asia. Vol. 3).

Fellner, Hannes A. — Melanie Malzahn

2015. Lifting up the light: tläś and lkäś in Tocharian A. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 16, 61-79.

Filliozat, Jean

1948. Fragments de textes koutchéens de médecine et de magie. Texte, parallèles sanskrits et tibétains, traduction et glossaire. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve.

Finot, Louis

1896. Les lapidaires indiens. Paris : Librairie &mile Bouillon (Bibliothèque de l'&cole des Hautes &tudes. Sciences historiques et philologiques, 111^e fascicule).

1913. Le Prātimokṣasūtra des Sarvāstivādins. Texte sanskrit avec la version chinoise de Kumārajīva traduite en français par &douard Huber. Journal Asiatique, 11^e série, t. II, novembre-décembre 1913, 465-558.

Friis, Louise S.

2021. Tocharian B agent nouns in -ntsa and their origin. Indo-European Linguistics 9, 1-25.

 

Geng Shimin — Hans-Joachim Klimkeit

1985. Das 16. Kapitel der Hami-Version der Maitrisimit. Journal of Turkish Studies 9, 71-132.

1988a. Das Zusammentreffen mit Maitreya. Die ersten fünf Kapitel der Hami-Version der Maitrisimit. I: Text, Übersetzung und Kommentar. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

1988b. Das Zusammentreffen mit Maitreya. Die ersten fünf Kapitel der Hami-Version der Maitrisimit. II: Faksimiles und Indices. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

Geng Shimin — Hans-Joachim Klimkeit — Jens Peter Laut

1987. “Der Herabstieg des Bodhisattva Maitreya vom Tuṣita-Götterland zur Erde“. Das 10. Kapitel der Hami-Handschrift der Maitrisimit. Altorientalische Forschungen 14, 350-376.

1988. “Das Erscheinen des Bodhisattva“. Das 11. Kapitel der Hami-Handschrift der Maitrisimit.

Altorientalische Forschungen 15, 315-366.

1991. “Die Weltflucht des Bodhisattva“. Das 13. Kapitel der Hami-Handschrift der Maitrisimit.

Altorientalische Forschungen 18, 264-296.

1992. “Der Gang zum Bodhi-Baum“. Das 14. Kapitel der Hami-Handschrift der Maitrisimit. Materialia Turcica 16, 25-47.

1993a. “Das Erlangen der unvergleichlichen Buddhawürde“. Das 15. Kapitel der Hami-Handschrift der Maitrisimit. Altorientalische Forschungen 20, 182-234.

1993b. Nachtrag zum “Erlangen der unvergleichlichen Buddhawürde“. Altorientalische Forschungen 20, 369-390.

1998. Eine buddhistische Apokalypse. Die Höllenkapitel (20-25) und die Schlußkapitel (26-27) der Hami-Handschrift der alttürkischen Maitrisimit. Abhandlungen der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Bd. 103. Opladen/Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag.

Geng Shimin — Jens Peter Laut — Georges-Jean Pinault

2004a. Neue Ergebnisse der Maitrisimit-Forschung (I). Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 154, 347-369.

2004b. Neue Ergebnisse der Maitrisimit-Forschung (II): Struktur und Inhalt des 26. Kapitels. Studies on the Inner Asian Languages, Vol. XIX, 29-94. Osaka: The Society of Central Eurasian Studies

Geng Shimin — Jens Peter Laut — Jens Wilkens

2005. Fragmente der uigurischen Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā aus Hami (Teil 1). Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher. Neue Folge, Vol. 19, 72-121.

Georg, Stefan

2011. Review of Carling, Gerd — Georges-Jean Pinault — Werner Winter, A Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: letters a-j. Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher N.F. 24, 2010/2011, 300-303.

Gnoli, Raniero

1977-1978. The Gilgit manuscript of the Saḽghabhedavastu: being the 17th and last section of the Vinaya of the Mūlasarvāstivādin. 2 vols. Roma: Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente.

Gräfe, Udo Heiner

1974. Systematische Darstellung kulturgeschichtlicher Informationen aus dem Vinayapiṅakam der Theravādin. Diss., Göttingen.

Habisreitinger, Jürgen

1997. Ein osttocharischer Göttername. Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 57, 13-18.

Hackstein, Olav

1992. Eine weitere griechisch-tocharische Gleichung: Griechisch πτῆξαι und tocharisch B pyāktsi. Glotta 70, 136-165.

1993. Osttocharische Reflexe grundsprachlicher Präsensbildungen von idg. *ĝneh₃- '(er)kennen'. In: Gerhard Meiser (ed.), Indogermanica et Italica. Festschrift für Helmut Rix zum 65. Geburtstag. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft, Bd. 72), 148-158.

1995. Untersuchungen zu den sigmatischen Präsensstammbildungen des Tocharischen. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (Historische Sprachforschung, Ergänzungsheft 38).

2002. Uridg. *CH. CC > *C.CC. Historische Sprachforschung 115, 1-22.

2003a. Zur Entwicklung von Modalität in Verbaladjektiven. In: Eva Tichy — Dagmar S. Wodtko — Britta Irslinger (eds.), Indogermanisches Nomen. Akten der Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft. Freiburg, 19. bis 22. September 2001. Bremen: Hempen Verlag, 51-66.

2003b. Reflexivpronomina, Präverbien und Lokalpartikel in indogermanischen Sprachen. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 10, 69-95.

2004. From discourse to syntax: The case of compound interrogatives in Indo-European and beyond. In: Karlene Jones-Bley et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference (Los Angeles, November 7-8, 2003). JIES Monograph Series No. 49. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of Man, 257-298.

Hahn, Michael

2007. Vom rechten Leben. Buddhistische Lehren aus Indien und Tibet. Frankfurt am Main — Leipzig: Insel Verlag.

Hahn, Michael — Konrad Klaus

1983. Das Mŗgajātaka (Haribhaṅṅajātakamālā XI). Studie, Texte, Glossar. Bonn: Indica et Tibetica Verlag.

Hartmann, Jens-Uwe

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1991b. Un témoignage tokharien sur les premières nonnes bouddhistes. Bulletin d'&tudes Indiennes 9, 161- 194.

1993. Tokharien A mälkärteṇ et autres mots. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 6, 133-188.

1994a. Lumières tokhariennes sur l'indo-européen. In: Jens Elmegård Rasmussen (ed.), In honorem Holger Pedersen. Kolloquium der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 26. bis 28. März 1993 in Kopenhagen. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 365-396.

1994b. Une nouvelle inscription koutchéenne de Qumtura: Légende de scènes bouddhiques de Praṇidhi. Bulletin d'&tudes Indiennes 11-12, 1993-94, 171-220.

1995. The rendering of Buddhist terminology in Tocharian. Journal of Dunhuang and Turfan Studies 1, 1995[1996], 9-35.

1997a. Nouvelle lecture du fragment A 270 du Maitreyasamiti-Nāṅaka. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 7, 121-141.

1997b. Translations of texts in Krause — Thomas (1964) Tocharisches Elementarbuch II. Handout for the Blockseminar “Tocharisch“, Freie Universität Berlin, 22nd-26th of September 1997.

1997c. Terminologie du petit bétail en tokharien. In: Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 2. Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 175-218.

1997d. Remarque sur le pluriel tokh. B akrūna, A ākrunt. In: Alexander Lubotsky (ed.), Sound Law and Analogy. Papers in honor of Robert S.P. Beekes on the occasion of his 60th Birthday. Amsterdam — Atlanta: Rodopi, 219-233.

1997e. Sur l'assemblage des phrases ('Satzgefüge') en tokharien. In: Emilio Crespo — José Luis García Ramón (eds.), Berthold Delbrück y la sintaxis indoeuropea hoy. Actas del Coloquio de la Indogermanische Gesellschaft. Madrid, 21-24 de septiembre de 1994. Madrid — Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 449-500.

1998a. Tocharian languages and pre-Buddhist culture. In: Victor Mair (ed.), The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern Central Asia. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph Series, No. 26 (2 vols.). Washington - Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications, 358-371.

1998b. Analyse de latin caesaries. In: Bruno Bureau — Christian Nicolas (eds.), Moussyllanea. Mélanges de linguistique et de littérature anciennes offerts à Claude Moussy. Louvain — Paris: &ditions Peeters, 15- 30.

1999a. Restitution du Maitreyasamiti-Nāṅaka en tokharien A: Bilan provisoire et recherches complémentaires sur l'acte XXVI. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 8, 189-240.

1999b. Tokharien A kapśañi, B kektseñe. In: Heiner Eichner et al. (eds.) Compositiones Indogermanicae in memoriam Jochem Schindler. Praha: enigma corporation, 457-478.

2000. Nouveautés dans un commentaire de la discipline bouddhique. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 9, 77-120.

2001a. Nouveautés lexicales et morphologiques dans le manuscrit de Yanqi du Maitreyasamiti-Nāṅaka en tokharien A. In: Stefan Wild — Hartmut Schild (eds.), Norm und Abweichung. Akten des 27. Deutschen Orientalistentages (Bonn — 28. September bis 2. Oktober 1998). Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 121-136.

2001b. Tocharo-Turcica. In: Louis Bazin — Peter Zieme (eds.) De Dunhuang à Istanbul. Hommage à James Russell Hamilton. Turnhout: Brepols (Silk Road Studies, 5), 245-265.

2002a. Tokh. B k_ucaññe, A k_uciṇ et skr. tokharika. Indo-Iranian Journal 45, 311-345.

2002b. Tocharian and Indo-Iranian: relations between two linguistic areas. In: Nicholas Sims-Williams (ed.) Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples. Proceedings of the British Academy 116. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 243-284.

2003a. Contacts linguistiques en Asie Centrale à la lumière des textes tokhariens. In: Sven Bretfeld — Jens Wilkens (eds.) Indien und Zentralasien. Sprach- und Kulturkontakt. Vorträge des Göttinger Symposions vom 7. bis 10. Mai 2001. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica, Bd. 61), 45-83.

2003b. Une nouvelle connexion entre le substrat indo-iranien et le tokharien commun. Historische Sprachforschung 116, 175-189.

2003c. On the tracks of the Tocharian Guru. In: Brigitte L. M. Bauer — Georges-Jean Pinault (eds.), Language in Time and Space. A Festschrift for Werner Winter on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 144), 331-346.

2004. Zum Tocharischen in der Turfanforschung. In: Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst — Simone-Christiane Raschmann — Jens Wilkens — Marianne Yaldiz — Peter Zieme (eds.), Turfan Revisited — The First Century of Research into the Arts and Cultures of the Silk Road. (Monographien zur Indischen Archäologie, Kunst und Philologie). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 256-263.

2005. Impératif et exhortation en tokharien. In: Gerhard Meiser — Olav Hackstein (eds.), Sprachkontakt und Sprachwandel. Akten der XI. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft (17.-23. September 2000, Halle an der Saale). Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 495-523.

2006a. Sur l'évolution phonétique tsk > tk en tokharien commun. Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 62, 103-156.

2006b Retour sur le numéral “un“ en tokharien. Indogermanische Forschungen 111, 71-97.

2006c Morphologie de l'ablatif tokharien. In: Gerd Carling (ed.), ^GIŠ.HUR gul-za-at-ta-ra. Festschrift for Folke Josephson. Göteborg: Meijerbergs Institut (Meijerbergs Arkiv för Svensk Ordforskning 32), 2006, 248-283.

2006d. Further links between the Indo-Iranian substratum and the BMAC language. In: Bertil Tikkanen — Heinrich Hettrich (eds.), Themes and Tasks in Old and Middle Aryan Linguistics. Papers of the 12^th World Sanskrit Conference (Helsinki, 13-18 July 2003), Vol. 5. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 167-196.

2007a. Le tokharien pratiqué par les Ouïgours: à propos d'un fragment en tokharien A du Musée Guimet. In: Jean-Pierre Drège (ed.), &tudes de Turfan et Dunhuang. Genève: Droz (&cole Pratique des Hautes &tudes. Sciences historiques et philologiques. Hautes études orientales, 41), 327-366.

2007b. Concordance des manuscrits tokhariens du fonds Pelliot. In: Melanie Malzahn (ed.), Instrumenta Tocharica. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter, 163-219.

2008a. Bilingual hymn to Mani: analysis of the Tocharian B parts. Studies on the Inner Asian Languages, Vol. XXIII (Papers in honour of Professor Takao Moriyasu), Osaka: The Society of Central Eurasian Studies, 93-120.

2008b. Chrestomathie Tokharienne. Textes et Grammaire. Leuven † Paris: Peeters.

2008c. Tocharian Friendship. In: Alexander Lubotsky — Jos Schaeken — Jeroen Wiedenhof (eds.), Evidence and Counter-Evidence. Essays in honour of Frederik Kortlandt, Vol. I: Balto-Slavic and Indo- European Linguistics. Amsterdam † New York: Rodopi (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, Vol. 32), 431-451.

2009a. Elephant Man. Sur le nom de l'éléphant en tokharien. In: Nalini Balbir — Georges-Jean Pinault (eds.), Penser, dire et représenter l'animal dans le monde indien. Paris, &ditions Honoré Champion (Bibliothèque de l'&cole des Hautes &tudes. Sciences historiques et philologiques, t. 345), 447-498.

2009b. On the formation of the Tocharian demonstratives. In: Elisabeth Rieken — Paul Widmer (eds.), Pragmatische Kategorien. Form, Funktion und Diachronie. Akten der Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 24. bis 26. September 2007 in Marburg. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 221-245.

2010a. Le pronom d'ipséité en tokharien. In : Injoo Choi-Jonin — Marc Duval — Olivier Soutet (eds.), Typologie et comparatisme. Hommages offerts à Alain Lemaréchal. Leuven: Peeters (Orbis/Supplementa, t. 28), 351-365.

2010b. On the r-endings of the Tocharian middle. In: Ronald Kim — Norbert Oettinger — Elisabeth Rieken — Michael Weiss (eds.), Ex Anatolia Lux. Anatolian and Indo-European studies in honor of H. Craig Melchert on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday. Ann Arbor † New York: Beech Stave Press, 285- 295.

2010c. Zum tocharischen (A und B) Buddhismus. About some items of the Buddhist Tocharo-Turkic vocabulary. Handout of a lecture delivered at 31. Deutscher Orientalistentag, Marburg, September 20- 24, 2010.

2011a. Some Tocharian abstract suffixes. In: Thomas Krisch — Thomas Lindner (eds.), Indogermanistik und Linguistik im Dialog. Akten der XIII. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft (vom 21. bis 27. September 2008 in Salzburg). Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 453-462.

2011b. Let us now praise famous gems. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 12, 155-220.

2011c. Sur l'histoire des cas en tokharien. In: Michèle Fruyt — Michel Mazoyer — Dennis Pardee

(eds.). Grammatical Case in the Languages of the Middle East and Europe. Acts of the international colloquium “Variations, concurrence et évolution des cas dans divers domaines linguistiques“ (Paris, 2-4 April 2007), Chicago (Ill.): The University of Chicago Press/The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, Vol. 64), 383-398.

2011d. The Buddhas of the Fortunate Aeon in Old Turkic and Tocharian texts. In: Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology (ARIRIAB) at Soka University for the Academic Year 2010, Vol. 14, 73-80.

2012a. La parfaite générosité du roi Ambara (PK NS 32). Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 13, 221- 243.

2012b. Remarks on PIE amphikinetic and hysterokinetic nouns. In: Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead — Thomas Olander — Birgit Anette Olsen — Jens Elmegård Rasmussen (eds.), The Sound of Indo-European. Phonetics, Phonemics and Morphophonemics. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 399-424.

2012c. Tocharian -nt- participles and agent nouns. In: Olav Hackstein — Ronald I. Kim (eds.), Linguistic developments along the Silk Road: Archaism and innovation in Tocharian. Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Philosophisch-historische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 834/ Multilingualism and History of Knowledge, Vol. II), 179-204.

2012d. Interpretation of the Tocharian Subjunctive of Class III. In: H. Craig Melchert (ed.), The Indo- European Verb. Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies (Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010). Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 257-265.

2013a. Contribution de Maitrisimit à l'interprétation de textes parallèles en tokharien, In: Yukiyo Kasai — Abdurishid Yakup — Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst (eds.), Die Erforschung des Tocharischen und die alttürkische Maitrisimit. Symposium anlässlich des 100. Jahrestages der Entzifferung des Tocharischen (Berlin, 3. und 4. April 2008). Turnhout: Brepols (Silk Road Studies, 17), 183-234.

2013b. Paul Pelliot et les langues d'Asie Centrale. In: Jean-Pierre Drège — Michel Zink (eds.), Paul Pelliot : de l'histoire à la légende. Colloque international organisé par Jean-Pierre Drège, Georges-Jean Pinault, Cristina Scherrer-Schaub et Pierre-Etienne Will (Paris, Collège de France et AIBL, 2-3 octobre 2008). Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 335-370.

2013c. Body and soul: the reflexive in Tocharian. Indogermanische Forschungen 118, 339-359.

2013d. Le vocabulaire et l'image du sourire dans les langues indo-européennes. In: Pierre-Sylvain Filliozat — Michel Zink (eds.), Sourires d'Orient et d'Occident. Journée d'études organisée par l'AIBL et la Société Asiatique (11 décembre 2009). Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 17-45.

2014a. Rédacteurs et copistes de textes tokhariens. In : Nalini Balbir — Maria Szuppe (eds.), Lecteurs et copistes dans les traditions manuscrites iraniennes, indiennes et centrasiatiques (Actes du colloque international organisé par l'UMR 7528, Paris, 15-17 juin 2010). Eurasian Studies, Vol. XII, 2014, Istituto per l'Oriente—Roma/Orientalisches Institut der Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 41-80.

2014b. An etymological note about the Tocharian root tätk- 'to extend'. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 15, 181-185.

2014c. The 'one night-and-day observance' of lay-followers in Tocharian Buddhism. Tocharian and Indo- European Studies 15, 187-215.

2014d. Distribution and origins of the PIE suffixes *-ih₂-. In: Norbert Oettinger — Thomas Steer (eds.), Das Nomen im Indogermanischen. Morphologie, Adjektiv vs. Substantiv, Kollektivum. Akten der Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft von 14. bis 16. September 2011 in Erlangen. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 273-306.

2015a. The Tocharian background of Old Turkic yaŋı kün. In: Elisabetta Ragagnin — Jens Wilkens (eds.), Kutadgu Nom Bitig. Festschrift für Jens Peter Laut zum 60. Geburtstag. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz (Veröffentlichungen des Societas Uralo-Altaica, Bd. 87), 367-395.

2015b. The legend of the Unicorn in the Tocharian version. Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 38, 2015 (proceedings of the panel «Tocharian Buddhism« at the 17^th Congress of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Vienna, August 19, 2014), 191-222.

2015c. The formation of the Buddhist languages, as exemplified by the Tocharian evidence. In: Melanie Malzahn et al. (eds.), Tocharian Texts in Context. International Conference on Tocharian Manuscripts and Silk Road Culture held June 26—28, 2013 in Vienna. Bremen: Hempen Verlag, 159-185.

2015d. Dramatic works: Central Asia. In: Jonathan Silk et al. (eds.), Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Vol. I: Literature and Languages. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 584-590.

2015e. Central Asian languages. In: Jonathan Silk et al. (eds.), Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Vol. I: Literature and Languages. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 925-932.

2015f. Tocharian nostalgia. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 16, 131-179.

2015g. Buddhist stylistics in Central Asia. In: J.L. García Ramón — D. Kölligan (eds.), Linguarum Varietas 4, 2015 (Strategies of translation: language contact and poetic language. Proceedings of the international workshop held in Cologne, December 17-18, 2010), 89-107.

2016a. The Buddhastotra of the Petrovskii collection. Written Monuments of the Orient, St. Petersburg, 2016 (1), 3-20.

2016b. Glossary of the Tocharian B Petrovsky Buddhastotra, Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 17, 213- 247.

2016c. Les Tokhariens, passeurs et interprètes du bouddhisme. In: Michel Espagne — Svetlana Gorshenina — Frantz Grenet — Shahin Mustafayev — Claude Rapin (eds.), Asie Centrale. Transferts culturels le long de la Route de la soie. Paris: Vendémiaire, 167-200.

2017a. Tracing the expression of mastery and power in Indo-European languages. In: Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard Hansen — Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead — Thomas Olander  — Birgit Anette Olsen (eds.). Etymology and the European Lexicon. Proceedings of the 14^th Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft (17-22 September 2012, Copenhagen). Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 337-351.

2017b. Tocharian tsälp- in Indo-European perspective. In: Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard Hansen — Adam Hyllested — Anders Richardt Jørgensen — Guus Kroonen — Jenny Helena Larsson — Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead — Thomas Olander — Thomas Mosbæk Søborg (eds.), Usque ad Radices. Indo-European studies in honour of Birgit Anette Olsen. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press (Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European, vol. 8), 643-658.

2017c. In the heat of the day. In: Ivo Hajnal — Daniel Kölligan — Katharina Zipser (eds.), Miscellanea Indogermanica. Festschrift für José Luis García Ramόn zum 65. Geburtstag. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft, Bd. 154), 641-659.

2017d. Theatre jargon and literary language in Tocharian. In: Zur lichten Heimat. Studien zu Manichäismus, Iranistik und Zentralasienkunde im Gedenken an Werner Sundermann. Herausgegeben von einem Team “Turfanforschung“ (Iranica, Bd. 25). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 511-524.

2017e. MORBVS ou la déréliction. In: Pedro Duarte — Frédérique Fleck — Peggy Lecaudé — Aude Morel (eds.), Histoires de mots. &tudes de linguistique latine et de linguistique générale offertes en hommage à Michèle Fruyt. Paris: Presses Universitaires de Paris Sorbonne (Lingua Latina, n° 16), 61- 72.

2017f. Current issues in Tocharian etymology and phonology. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 18, 127-164.

2017g. Toch. B paitār*'calf', Vedic pitú- 'food' and Indo-European nominal derivation. Wék^wos, n° 3, 149- 176.

2019a. The Tocharian and Old Uyghur testimony about the etymology of bodhisattva. In: Zekine

Özertural — Gökhan Şilfeler (eds.), Unter dem Bodhi-Baum. Festschrift für Klaus Röhrborn anlässlich des 80. Geburtstags überreicht von Kollegen, Freunden und Schüler. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 271-291.

2019b. Revision of the fragments A 285+281 from the fifth act of the Maitreyasamiti-nāṅaka. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 19, 93-142.

2019c. Surveying the Tocharian B lexicon. Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 114(2), 91-97. Review of Douglas Q. Adams, A dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and greatly enlarged, Amsterdam-New York, Rodopi, 2013.

2019d. Hittito-Tocharica : tracking the bear once more. In: Natalia Bolatti Guzzo — Piotr Taracha (eds.), “And I Knew Twelve Languages“. A tribute to Massimo Poetto on the occasion of his 70^th birthday. University of Warsaw/Faculty of Oriental Studies: Agade Bis, 496-509.

2020a. Le bois, le bâton et la pique. In: Claire Le Feuvre — Daniel Petit (eds.), Ὀνομάτων ἵστωρ. Mélanges offerts à Charles de Lamberterie. Leuven — Paris: Peeters (Collection Linguistique publiée par la Société de Linguistique de Paris, 106), 353—390.

2020b. Tocharian taxonomy of wealth. In: H. Bichlmeier — O. Šefčík — R. Sukač (eds), Etymologus. Festschrift for Václav Blažek. Hamburg: Baar-Verlag (Studien zur historisch-vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft, 14), 323-338.

2020c. The Dharma of the Tocharians. In: Vincent Tournier — Vincent Eltschinger — Marta Sernesi (eds.), Archaeologies of the Written: Indian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies in honour of Cristina Scherrer- Schaub. Napoli: Universita degli Studi di Napoli “L'Orientale“. Series Minor, LXXXIX, Unior Press, 461-492.

2020d. Tocharian lexicon in the light of contact phenomena. In: Romain Garnier (ed.), Loanwords and Substrata. Proceedings of the Colloquium held in Limoges (5^th — 7^th June, 2018). Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft, Bd. 164), 367-401.

2020e. Tocharian nouns of the Latin ferōx-type. Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 20, 201-227.

2020f. New material extracted from revised Tocharian texts. Handout of lecture, Leiden University, Center for Indo-European Linguistics, in the frame of the workshop “Tocharian in progress“, December 8-10, 2020. Revision of the text based on the leaves A 222 and A 239, interpretation of the fragment A 381.

2021. Regard comparatif sur la dérivation nominale en tokharien. In: Alain Blanc — Isabelle Boehm (eds.), Dérivation nominale et innovations dans les langues indo-européennes anciennes. Actes du colloque international de l'université de Rouen (ERIAC), 11-12 octobre 2018. Lyon: Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée — Jean Pouilloux, 113-132.

2022. Suffixes from roots: the case of PIE *-b^ho- and related issues. In: Melanie Malzahn, Hannes A. Fellner und Theresa-Susanna Illés (eds.), Zurück zur Wurzel. Struktur, Funktion und Semantik der Wurzel im Indogermanischen. Akten der 15. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft/Society for Indo- European Studies (vom 13. bis 16. September 2016 in Wien). Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 235-246.

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Preface

The work of the Dictionary and thesaurus of Tocharian A began in 2003. Initially, it was planned as a revised and extended version of Pavel Poucha’s Thesaurus Linguae Tocharicae Dialecti A (1955), the wordlist of Wolfgang Krause and Werner Thomas in the Tocharisches Elementarbuch II (1964), extended by the Yanqi manuscripts (Ji – Winter – Pinault 1998), and completed by later revisions and corrections. Further, the dictionary would contain systematic references to Tocharian B, Sanskrit and Uighur equivalents, indication of phraseology, and complete references to forms and occurrences of Tocharian A. After the initial funding (2003-2007) ceased, about 1/3 of the Tocharian dictionary was published in 2009, with the title Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: A-J, by Gerd Carling in collaboration with Georges-Jean Pinault and Werner Winter (Harrassowitz 2009). A complete text corpus and reference database that had formed the basis for this publication was in 2012 moved to the CEToM database in Vienna. The material has been available from this platform since 2012 (https://www.univie.ac.at/tocharian/). Since 2012, the texts, references, editions, and translations of Tocharian A have been continuously improved in the CEToM database. The project of completing the Tocharian A dictionary received renewed funding from 2014-2017. In this project, a dictionary database at Lund University by the name CeDICT: A Comprehensive e-Dictionary of Tocharian (https://projekt.ht.lu.se/cedict/) was constructed by Rob Verhoeven and Edin Kuckovic. The current dictionary is extracted directly from the database. The first part of the dictionary (a-j, DTA 2009), which was a joint work of Gerd Carling, Lund, together with Georges-Jean Pinault, Paris, and Werner Winter, Kiel, was reviewed, updated and included in the dictionary. For the remaining part of the alphabet (ñ - ts) the contributions and the work procedure was different. A material left by Werner Winter, who passed away in 2010, formed the basis for the verb lemmas. Filip Larsson (research assistant, Lund University) introduced and checked all occurrences from Poucha (1955) (POU), controlling against the database CEToM, introduced the reviews by Couvreur (Couvreur 1955/56 (COU), 1956, 1959), Ji – Winter – Pinault (1998) (JWP), the Nachlass by Rudolf Dietz (VTW, see description below), and the remaining dictionary material compiled by Gerd Carling (between 2003-2007). Olof Lundgren (research assistant, Lund University) proof-read for consistency, added and checked translations, and introduced glosses when missing. Gerd Carling worked over all lemmas, checking and improving the entire material, including sources, bibliographic references, new occurrences, and Sanskrit and Middle Indic sources, verbs, and references (between 2015-2020), including during work sessions with Georges-Jean Pinault in Paris. From January 2020 until April 2022 a team in Paris, under the supervision of Georges-Jean Pinault, worked over and controlled all lemmas of the dictionary. This team included PhD students of the École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE, Paris Sciences et Lettres), in alphabetical order, Timothée Chamot-Rooke, Athanaric Huard, Véronique M. Kremmer, and Boris Petipas. The whole revision was slowed down from March 2020 and until October 2021 by the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic. Permanent access to the Lund database (CeDICT) has been granted since 2019 to Chamot-Rooke, Huard and Pinault. The work done by Chamot-Rooke was substantial for a lot of improvements of the database, such as, revision of the demonstratives, the identification of the occurrences of the indefinite pronoun (see Chamot-Rooke 2021), the link of the imperative prefixed stem forms to their respective verbs, the identification of gender of nouns, and the identification and translation of several fragments. Kremmer revised the identification of compounds with first members śla and sne. Huard controlled the meaning of Buddhist terms, including comparison with other languages. All data were inserted into the CeDICT database by Chamot-Rooke (80%) and Huard (20%). Specific contributions of Pinault’s collaborators have been highlighted by the mention ‘p.c.’ following their names or by reference to their works. This mention applies also to Bai Yu, PhD student at the EPHE, PSL, under the joint supervision of Sylvie Hureau. In addition, Gerd Carling did a final and complete proof reading for completion and consistency with some assistance of Victor Bogren-Svensson (PhD, Lund University).

A substantial part of the lemma has the source VTW in the Literature field. This refers to an unpublished manuscript by the name “Vorarbeiten zu einem tocharischen Wörterbuch von Werner Thomas and Rudolf Dietz”. In 2012, Olav Hackstein was officially asked by the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG) on behalf of Rudolf Dietz to secure this document for further scientific work. The material was made available to the current project in 2014. It is not clear how this material was produced. The material covers only the alphabet up to ma-, and the remaining part is either lost or not existing. The document, which is an outline of a dictionary, is written by means of an old-time typewriter, with diacritics added by hand. Besides, there are hand-written additions and comments. The parts by typewriter are probably from the 1980s or earlier and have no references to the Yanqi manuscripts or the publication by Ji – Winter – Pinault (1998). The comments added by hand contain revisions which insert Uighur parallels, referring to Tekin (1980) and Ji – Winter – Pinault (1998), including the review of this edition (JWP) by Thomas (2003). However, it should be said that the meritorious work done by Dietz under the supervision of Thomas is by now outdated, due to the advances of Tocharian philology in the two past decades.

The dictionary is also published in its complete form as a monograph (Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A, by Gerd Carling and Georges-Jean Pinault, Harrassowitz 2023).

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge our collaborators in Paris and Lund, including Timothée Chamot-Rooke, Athanaric Huard, Véronique M. Kremmer, and Boris Petipas (Paris), and Filip Larsson, Victor Bogren Svensson, and Olof Lundgren (Lund) for working with various aspects of data feeding and controlling. We thank Rob Verhoeven and Edin Kuckovic constructing a database with the dictionary. Further, we thank Melanie Malzahn, Hannes Fellner, Michaël Peyrot, Bernhard Koller and Fanny Meunier, for setting up the project in the framework of the CEToM database. We thank Olav Hackstein for donating the Nachlass of Rudolf Dietz and for additional contributions to the dictionary.

The letters A-J were funded by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation (RJ) and The Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS), Uppsala. This material was published as A Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A. Volume 1: A-J. Compiled by Gerd Carling in Collaboration with Georges- Jean Pinault and Werner Winter (Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009).

The work on the complete the dictionary, including an update of the initial letters A-J, was funded by the Swedish Research Council, Grant 2013-01097_VR.

Funding for the electronic publication, organizing a workshop, and travelling was granted by the Elisabeth Rausing Foundation (Faculties of Humanities and Theology, Lund University).

The work on the texts of the Pelliot Collection (Paris) in Tocharian A and the investigation of the phraseology and terminology of Tocharian Buddhism based on parallel texts from Central Asia belong to two focused axes of the HisTochText project (History of the Tocharian Texts of the Pelliot Collection), ERC Advanced Grant, directed by Georges-Jean Pinault (EPHE, PSL). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 788205).

Sources

The dictionary is intended to include the complete material of Tocharian A (for the unpublished material see below) as attested from manuscripts discovered in sites of the Central and Eastern area of the Tarim Basin: Yanqi, Shorchuq, Khocho (Gaochang), Yar-khoto, Toyuq, Murtuq, Sängim, and Bäzäqliq. Most of the manuscripts are assembled in three different collections: 1) Turfan Collection, Berlin, 2) Collection of the Xinjiang Museum, Urumchi, and 3) Collection Pelliot, Paris. In addition, a few fragments are kept in the St. Petersburg Collection and the London Collection.

Most of these texts, including transcription and a digitized version of the manuscripts, are available on CEToM, either public or behind password. Complete translations for several texts in Tocharian A have been published by various authors (see Source literature). These translations form the basis for the reference database and the translations in DTA (2009) and the Tocharian A translations in CEToM. At the time of the publication of DTA (2009), the CEToM database was not available, and therefore this volume contained a substantial corpus of text samples, including restorations and translations. However, since this material is now available via the CEToM database, the current volume contains fewer text samples and translations.

We distinguish several text collections, explaining their status and how they have been treated in this dictionary.

• Berlin texts A 1-467 (in the dictionary given as numbers only, without a preceding “A”). The largest collection of Tocharian A texts is preserved in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preussischer Kulturbesitz, as part of the Turfan Collection of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (now Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities). 467 of these manuscripts were published in transliteration by Emil Sieg and Wilhelm Siegling in Tocharische Sprachreste (1921). The dictionary authored by Poucha (1955) was based on this edition as well as on the Tocharische Grammatik (1931) by Emil Sieg (1866-1951) and Wilhelm Siegling (1880-1946) in collaboration with Wilhelm Schulze (1863-1935). In the current dictionary, an additional source is the personal and annotated copy of the Tocharische Sprachreste by Wilhelm Siegling, which was scanned by Douglas Q. Adams and communicated to Melanie Malzahn (Vienna), who transmitted it to Georges-Jean Pinault, as well as to a few other scholars. This copy contains numerous notes and corrections of readings which are extremely valuable, reflecting the high expertise of Siegling, since notes were based on manuscripts which have later been lost. These notes by Siegling were written after the publication of the Tocharische Grammatik (1931). By chance, several important and large manuscripts had been photographed and included in the volume of plates of the Tocharische Sprachreste (1921). For the present dictionary as well as for DTA (2009), all problematic or difficult passages have been controlled again by examination of all available photographs and–in critical cases–of the original manuscripts kept in the Turfan Collection, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin– Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Orientabteilung.
• Berlin THT texts. Passages from fragments not included in Sieg – Siegling (1921) were quoted elsewhere, especially in the Tocharische Grammatik (1931) by Emil Sieg and Wilhelm Siegling, with the collaboration of Wilhelm Schulze. Many documents of the Turfan Collection were destroyed during World War II or have been lost otherwise, but the remains, including older photos of the manuscripts (published in the volume of plates of the Tocharische Sprachreste), were made available under the acronym THT (see below the abbreviations of manuscripts) as part of the project TITUS:Tocharica, directed by Jost Gippert, Goethe University, Frankfurt a.M. In the mass of unpublished manuscripts, those in Tocharian A were identified and transcribed for the most part by Georges-Jean Pinault in 2004-2005 and included in DTA (2009). Since then, the remaining text fragments (in Tocharian A as well as in Tocharian B) from Berlin have been made available, with transcriptions by Tatsushi Tamai, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Michaël Peyrot via the CEToM database (several of them are not yet public), and more recently by Ilya Itkin (2019). The latter treatment retrieves around 1050 fragments in Tocharian A and supersedes definitely the previous transliterations. The printed work of Itkin (2019) was received in the midyear 2020, while the final revision of the present dictionary had started. Most of these manuscripts are very fragmentary, but it has been possible to find words in this material that have been quoted by Sieg and Siegling in comments to their edition (1921) and in their grammar (1931). The present dictionary does not intend to cover the totality of this material; many readings are still uncertain and most of the material is still waiting for scientific publication. In the Thesaurus part (T) of each lemma, we have given priority to THT fragments containing new forms or alternative variants of words which were previously recorded. As a rule, the systematic transliteration of fragments containing only a few letters contain words previously recorded in Poucha (1955), and do not add anything new to Tocharian A lexicon. Several publications up to date include THT fragments, identifying Sanskrit or Uighur parallels and joining these manuscripts to better known and longer manuscripts (Itkin 2002, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2020; Burlak and Itkin 2004, 2020; Itkin and Malyshev 2016, 2019, 2021; Malyshev 2017, 2019, 2022). The results retrieved from these publications are included in the present dictionary. Since the Berlin THT material in this volume stems from various sources (TITUS:Tocharica, CEToM, Itkin 2019), and reflects different states of inclusion over the 20-year period of the production of the dictionary, there might be discrepancies in the numbering of texts and lines, as well as in readings, of this material. In principle, we follow Itkin’s index verborum (2019) for numbering and identification of recto/verso and line numbering, but the dictionary may show traces of earlier versions, such as CEToM. Itkin’s work (2019) mentions at times specific contributions by Sergey V. Malyshev to the decipherment of some items, but those have not been specified among the current references to THT on the basis of Itkin 2019.
• Glosses. Further, there are Tocharian A interlinear glosses in Sanskrit manuscripts of the Berlin collection (published under the acronym SHT). These glosses are available on CEToM and have been published in several books and papers (see Malzahn 2007b, Peyrot 2014 and 2015a, which give further references) and are included in the current volume.
• Yanqi manuscripts. A smaller set of manuscripts was unexpectedly discovered in 1974 in the Yanqi district of Xinjiang, China. This collection, consisting of 44 [43] fragments of leaves from one text, a Tocharian A version of the Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka, is stored in the Xinjiang Museum, Urumchi. The material was first published in parts by Ji Xianlin and commented on by, among others, Werner Thomas, Georges-Jean Pinault, and Klaus T. Schmidt, and later published in complete form, including translation, commentary, and photos of the manuscripts, by Ji Xianlin, Werner Winter and Georges-Jean Pinault in Fragments of the Tocharian A Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka (1998). This material is included in the CEToM database as well as in the current volume.
• Paris texts. In the Pelliot Collection of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris, which contains mostly fragments in Tocharian B, there are a handful of Tocharian A manuscripts. One set consists of six leaves of the same manuscript, found in Kucha region: Pelliot Koutchéen N[ouvelle] S[érie] 1-6. Most of these pieces are quite difficult to read, partly because of superposition of lines by imprints from one leaf to another. A provisory reading had been made by Pinault during the 1990s, and the first 4 items have been published online on CEToM in August 2014. These leaves have been investigated more deeply through imaging techniques in 2019-2020 as part of the project HisTochText (History of the Tocharian Texts of the Pelliot Collection, ERC Advanced Grant. Horizon 2020, Action Number 788205), directed by Georges-Jean Pinault. Thanks to new photographs, it proved possible to read larger parts of the text: a complete edition by Athanaric Huard, Kilian Laclavetine and Georges-Jean Pinault is currently in preparation. The material which has been obtained so far has been included in the Thesaurus. This holds also for some little fragments (from the Pelliot Koutchéen and Pelliot Sanskrit collections) which have been identified by Huard in the meantime. So has the data of the text MG1 from the Musée Guimet (edited by Pinault 2007a), which probably also belongs to the findings of the Pelliot Mission in Central Asia, but which was not included in the collection of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.

There are other Tocharian A fragments in various collections, which have been neither identified nor published. Consequently, the corpus covered by this dictionary should not be considered as fully complete. However, in principle we aim at including all the material that has been effectively published or is otherwise available to the authors of the dictionary. The intention of the dictionary is to reflect the present state of knowledge of Tocharian A lexicography, as well as to give a sound basis for further investigations.

Accompanying the text material mentioned above is a rich literature dealing with all kinds of issues, phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexical or philological. Restorations, corrections, translations, commentaries, or discussions on individual problems of a particular text, might be found anywhere within this literature. Therefore, the compilation of the database in which bibliographical references to individual texts are systematically collected, has been of great importance for the project. Since 2011, this database is incorporated with CEToM. For the current volume, we have systematically searched and included publications since 2008 for additions and improvements of the Tocharian A text material.

Parallel texts in non-Tocharian languages, particularly in Sanskrit and Uighur, but also in Chinese, Tibetan, Khotanese, etc., are of great help in understanding and translating complicated texts and passages properly. In recent years, a number of texts that are either directly translated from or into Tocharian or have a content equivalent to the Tocharian texts, have been published. The knowledge gained from comparison with these parallel texts has been an important source in the re-interpretation of lexemes, passages and texts in the dictionary. For this reason, parallels as for lexemes, constructions, or passages, have been introduced in the entries, beside the Tocharian B equivalents.

Lemma policy

The dictionary includes as much important information on Tocharian A as is feasible – without being too extensive and spacious. Even if the work is based on already existing dictionaries, such as Pavel Poucha’s Thesaurus Linguae Tocharicae Dialecti A and Wolfgang Krause and Werner Thomas’ Tocharisches Elementarbuch II, each lemma has been expanded by important information that has been gained through later research. It should be mentioned that, in all problematic cases, the readings of the texts have been controlled through inspection of the manuscripts, in original form or in photo, when available.

The lemma presents first the lexeme (in bold/italics) in its basic form, i.e., nominative singular for nouns, nominative singular masculine for pronouns, adjectives and numerals, and the stem for verbs. Thereupon, word class is indicated by one or more of a number of fixed abbreviations (cf. Grammatical Abbreviations). For the nouns, the gender is stated if it can be ascertained from the occurrences or from the morphological class. This has been thoroughly controlled by Timothée Chamot-Rooke (PhD student, EPHE, PSL) under the supervision of Georges-Jean Pinault. Translation is given within single quotation marks (‘’) under the heading Meaning. If the lexeme, in the form that it is referred to, has more than one usage or translation, the different usages/translations are represented by different numbers, 1), 2), 3) etc., which then recur in the F(orms) and T(hesaurus) sections (see below). After the translation, information is given about the Tocharian B equivalent, if available, and parallel forms in Sanskrit or Uighur, if available. A parallel form is quoted here only if it is attested from a parallel or bilingual text only, and not if it, for example, is a source of the Tocharian word, which would be given in the D(erivation) section.

After the lemma introduction, the entry is divided by letters representing different pieces of information as follows:

L = L(iterature) concerning previous translations of the lemma.

Most references in this section are quoted in short form, using standardized abbreviations for the most common reference works. For well-known lemma, where there is no doubt about the translation, only standard works are quoted (cf. Source literature). This section does not contain any discussion concerning the meaning of a lexeme. When necessary, it is provided under the heading R (see below).

P = Paradigm (of verbs).

This section occurs only for verbs and gives a complete paradigm, including also non-attested but synchronically reconstructed categories.

F = Morphological inventory of F(orms).

Under this heading, all grammatical forms, including different variants, of a lexeme are listed. A fixed order of categories (case, gender, etc.) is consistently used. Just as in the text examples, hyphen (-) is used to distinguish the following categories: members of compounds, verbs and clitic pronouns, and particles that might be segmented in the text, cf. for instance äntsan-ne.

S = S(yntax) and phraseology.

Here, common or specific phrases, formulas and constructions of a lexeme are listed. Sanskrit and Uighur parallels, if available, are given (in round brackets).

T = T(hesaurus).

This section contains a complete list of the occurrences of an individual lexeme. The occurrences are separated by semicolon (;), and examples of an occurrence by comma (,). The same order as in F(orms) is used. A selected number of examples is quoted and translated. As in S(yntax), Sanskrit and Uighur parallels, if available, are given (in round brackets) directly after the example. Bare text numbers (247, 125, 340, etc.) refer to Tocharian A texts of the Turfan Collection as published by Sieg – Siegling (1921). Unidentified unpublished texts of the Berlin collection are mentioned as “Berlin ms.”. Identified Berlin texts not included in Sieg – Siegling (1921) are given by their THT-number (from TITUS:Tocharica, CEToM, and Itkin 2019). “YQ” refers to the Yanqi texts as published by Ji –Winter – Pinault (1998). The manuscript numbers (1.29 etc.) of this collection are not given, but, instead, the numbers III.3, etc., referring to the respective chapter (Roman number) and to the respective leaf (Indo-Arabic number) of the YQ (Yanqi) manuscript of the Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka, are used. Elsewhere, manuscripts are reproduced as in their respective publications (cf. Abbreviations). Quoted texts are reproduced in transcription only, not transliteration, which means that Fremdzeichen is not marked, i.e., the difference between ṉa̱ and nä is not indicated in the text. Furthermore, virāma and superscribed ä at the end of a word are omitted. Otherwise, all signs given in the texts are reproduced in the examples. The complete transliterations can be found in Sieg and Siegling’s original edition of 1921, TITUS:Tocharica homepage, in Ji, Winter and Pinault’s edition of the Yanqi manuscripts and on CEToM (see 2. Source material). The restorations, corrections, and translations have been taken from many different sources, which are not given reference to for each individual translation.

D = D(erivation) and etymology.

In this section the affiliation of the lexeme is discussed in brief. Because of the many problems connected with words of Indo-European origin or very ancient borrowings in Tocharian, these matters are not considered here. Words of Tocharian B that are equivalent or related to words of Tocharian A are systematically mentioned, but the reconstruction does not go beyond the Common Tocharian stage. Accordingly, the vast literature concerning Indo-European etymologies is not taken into consideration. Other dictionaries (Van Windekens 1976, Adams 1999 [revised 2013], Hilmarsson 1996) or discussions elsewhere should be consulted on this highly complicated issue. The reason is partly that in previous literature etymological analysis often has been done too quickly, before the proper meaning of an item had been established by philological methods.

Actually, the number of Tocharian words for which absolutely certain Indo-European etymologies can be assumed is relatively low, and these items have been identified for a long time. By contrast, there are loanwords on each line of every Tocharian text, and most of them are not yet correctly described. Recent borrowings, such as from Buddhist Sanskrit, Middle Iranian, or Chinese, are identified, referring to relevant dictionaries, such as Sanskrit-Wörterbuch der buddhistischen Texte aus den Turfanfunden and Edgerton’s dictionary of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (see Commonly quoted dictionaries and reference sources). Since many Sanskrit words have been obviously borrowed into Tocharian through Middle Indic (alias Prākrit) intermediary, references have been made to Turner’s dictionary (CDIAL) and to dictionaries of Pāli, as well as to other reference tools. Internal reconstruction done to trace back a form to Common Tocharian or just within Tocharian A, is mentioned here, including references to literature.

R = R(eferences) and comments to interpretation of lexemes and passages.

Bibliographic references to discussions concerning the interpretation of a lexeme, relation to other lexemes or items, translations of passages, indication of parallels in Sanskrit, Uighur or Tocharian B and so forth, are given here. For the purpose of clarity, the sections F(orms), S(yntax) and T(hesaurus) do not contain any bibliographical references. Therefore, this section might offer information of relevance for issues in previous sections, for instance problems of translation of an individual passage under T(hesaurus), or a construction under S(yntax). The policy for references has been as follows: references that primarily discuss the meaning or form of the particular item are given preference. References that simply discuss or give translations of individual passages under the T(hesaurus) section are not given, with the exception of references to passages that are crucial to the translation of the item itself.

Symbols and abbreviations

Symbols

*          (before a word) reconstructed item

*          (after a word) unattested but deduced form (from inflected forms or, in the case of Sanskrit, for unattested words)

(..)        restored part of the text

[..]        damaged or illegible part of the text

‹..›        inserted or corrected (part of) syllable

<..>      inserted part of text from parallel manuscript

///         discontinuance of a text passage

.           unreadable or lost part of a syllable

-           unreadable or lost syllable

|           daṇḍa

||          double daṇḍa

\           beginning or end of line

ː           double dot

ˑ           simple dot

…        omitted parts of text or translation

=          (in text passages) separation of words joined together in writing (sandhi)

=          (between text numbers) agreement between text passages in Tocharian A

!           restored form

?          questionable morphological identification (because of fragmentary context)

>          correction of recto/verso in relation to publication (TS etc.)

Є          scribal error

 

Abbreviations

Grammatical abbreviations

N.B. In the F(orms) and T(hesaurus) sections, abbreviations begin with a capital letter.

a.         “alternans”, i.e., masculine in singular and feminine in plural

abl.       ablative

abs.      absolutive

abstr.    abstract

act.       active

adj.       adjective

adv.      adverb

all.       allative

C          consonant

caus.    causative

cl.        clitic pronoun

com.     comitative

conj.     conjunction

detr.     detransitive (derived intransitive from transitive)

ditr.      ditransitive

du.       dual

fact.     factitive

fem.     feminine

gen.      genitive

gdv.      gerundive

indecl.  indeclinable

inf.       infinitive

instr.    instrumental

inter.    interrogative

interj.   interjection

ipf.       imperfect

ipv.      imperative

itr.        intransitive

lit.        literally

loc.       locative

masc.   masculine

MP       medio-passive

Mtant.  medium tantum

n.         noun

nt.        neuter

nom.    nominative

num.    numeral (cardinal number)

obl.      oblique

opt.      optative

ord.      ordinal number

par.      paral

part.     particle

pass.     passive

p.c.       personal communication

perl.     perlative

pf.        perfect

pl.        plural

pp.       postposition

pprs.     present participle

pprt.     preterit participle

prep.     preposition

prev.     preverb

pron.    pronoun

prs.       present

prt.       preterit

ptc.      participle

rel.       relative

sg.        singular

sub.      subjunction

subj.     subjunctive

subst.   substantive

T          thematic vowel (CT *-´ä-/-æ-)

tr.         transitive

uni.      uninflected (adjective)

vb.       verb

V         vowel

VN       verbal noun

voc.      vocative

 

Language names

Av.       Avestan

Bactr.   Bactrian

Buddh.Sogd.     Buddhist Sogdian

Chin.    Chinese

CT       Common Tocharian

IA        Indo-Aryan

Ir.         Iranian

IIr.       Indo-Iranian

Khot.   Khotanese

MI        Middle Indic

MIr.     Middle Iranian

Mid.Ch.            Middle Chinese

Mod.Ch.           Modern Chinese

MPers.  Middle Persian

OCh.    Old Chinese

OPers.  Old Persian

Pa.       Pāli

Pkt.      Prākrit

Skt.      Sanskrit

Toch.   Tocharian

Uigh.    Uighur

 

Manuscripts/texts

Abhidh-k          Abhidharmakośa by Vasubandhu, ed. Louis de La Vallée Poussin

AN       Aṅguttara-Nikāya

B          Tocharian B ms. from the Turfan Collection. Source Sieg – Siegling (1949, 1953)

Berlin ms.         Unpublished Tocharian A manuscripts of the Turfan Collection. Basic source TS or SSS (form not identified among the unpublished THT texts)

Divy     Divyāvadāna

DN       Dīgha-Nikāya

IOL Toch.        Tocharian (B) ms. of the British collections. Images available on The International Dunhuang Project website, http://idp.bl.uk.

JM       Jātakamālā by Ārya Śūra

KoAv   Koṭikarṇa-Avadāna

LV       Lalitavistara

MaitrHami        Old Uighur Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka manuscripts from Hami

MaitrSängim    Old Uighur Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka manuscripts from Sängim

MG1    Manuscript of the Musée Guimet. Source Pinault (2007a)

MN      Majjhima-Nikāya

MPS     Mahāparinirvāṇa-Sūtra

MSN    Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka

Mvu     Mahāvastu-Avadāna

Mvy     Mahāvyutpatti

Na        Nandacarita

NP       Naiḥsargika-pātayantika-dharma of the PrMoSu

Pāt       Pātayantika-dharma of the PrMoSu

PK.AS. Tocharian ms. from the Pelliot Collection (Ancienne Série)

PK.NS. Tocharian ms. From the Pelliot Collection (Nouvelle Série)

PrMoSu            Prātimokṣasūtra

Sau      Saundarananda by Aśvaghoṣa

SHT     Sanskrithandschriften aus den Turfanfunden. Sanskrit manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection, edited since 1965 under the direction of Ernst Waldschmidt (Göttingen, Akademie der Wissenschaften)

SN       Saṃyutta-Nikāya

Sn        Suttanipāta.

THT     Tocharische Handschriften aus den Turfanfunden. Unpublished Tocharian (A) manuscript from the Turfan collection (texts published in Tocharische Sprachreste are quoted only by a number). Source TITUS/ Tocharica and Itkin (2019)

Udv      Udānavarga

Vin      Vinaya

VAV    Varṇārhavarṇastotra by Mātṛceṭa

YQ       Yanqi manuscripts of the Collection of the Museum of Urumchi, published by Ji – Winter – Pinault (1998)

 

Other abbreviations

int.add. interlinear addition

fgm.     fragmentary passage(s)

gl.        interlinear gloss in Sanskrit manuscript

id.        phrase or formula identical with the previous passage

intr.      introduction part (of text)

LN       name of locality

N         name (of tune, animal, plant, or alike)

PN       proper name

Rev.     review