Index
A Biographical Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han and Xin Periods (221 BC - AD 24)
abdication 8
Academicians 265, 326; appointed by Liu De (1) 290; pupils 299, 359; quota of 544; in Wendi’s reign 311
access to the emperor, by officials 176
accuracy, of documents 478
acupuncture 53
administrative documents, of Qin empire 255; of Yinwan 252, 325
aged, privileges of 597
agricultural colonies 264
agriculture, encouragement of 325; importance of 188, 410; methods 137, 706; production 28; promotion of 248, 308; promotion under Jingdi 342; writings on 551, 710
alchemy 244, 372, 677; see gold
alcoholic drink, control of sale 416
almanacs 53
amity, treaty of, see Heqin
Analects 119, 388; exposition of 697; study by a member of the imperial family 349
ancestors, services to 325
animal fight 638
Anshi yue 595
Ao granary 460, 540, 634, 398; importance of 235; see also Xingyang
apparition, of Li Furen 219
appointment, by purchase 690
archery, Li Guang’s skill at 220
archives, included in the Shiji 49, 50; from Yinwan 252, 325
astronomy 118, 479, 486, 502, 566, 613
Ba feng tai 493
Ba yi dance 433
Ba, use of title 144
Bahu Jiangjun 138
Baihu Jiangjun 570
Baihu tong 6
ban on service at centre 447
banishment, to Dunhuang 113, 233, 247, 251, 351, 611, 629; to Fangling 304, 332, 365, 402; of Fu family members 109; of Fu Yan 110; to Hepu 54, 66, 67, 69, 241, 323, 478, 563, 611, 612, 701; of Hao Shang’s family 153; to Jiuquan 641; to Liaoxi 379, 713; to Sanwei 720; to Shangyong 333, 350; to Shu 448, 662; to Xihai 450
Baoxia canal 693
Baoye dao 672
Baoyuan taiping jing 113
‘barricade’ style tomb 68, 318; for Huo Guang 172
battle, description of 112, 574
Bei cheng Jiangjun 532
betel-nut 503
Bian Que 52, 496, 635
Bie lu 74, 375
Bing fa 53, 103, 149, 685
Bingfeng fu 244, 636
birds, language of 636, 639
Biyong 211, 290, 325, 374, 384, 385, 450. 499, 541, 608
black, power of 258
Bo xue 162
Bo, title conferred by Wang Mang 61, 238
body, preservation of 56, 496
books, collection of 7, 81, 85
Boshi chen Xian dui 597
botanical treatise 412
bows, special type of 224
bride, for non-Chinese leader 168, 359, 398
broken rail, in palace 743
Bu tao Jiangjun 211
Bubing Jiangjun 531
Bureau of Music see Yue fu
burial, in simple style 633; instructions for simple 669; styles of 374
Cairen 108
calendar 8, 50, 54, 59, 85, 129, 161, 206, 232, 279, 374, 430, 468, 485, 616, 623, 646, 675, 691, 754; Ni Kuan and 442; reform of 384
calendrical science 118
calligraphy 671
campaigning, cost of 575; problems of 750; problems in north 747
canal, construction of 442, 617; project for 721; for irrigation 446
candidates for office, call for 250, 263, 325
Cang jie 161, 229
Cang jie pian 81, 677
Cangjie shun zuan 639
canonical texts 279
Caobu jian 81
capital city, choice of 146, 412, 542, 685; Chang’an as 257; suggested move 645
castration, as a punishment 181, 682
Chancellor of State, of a kingdom 107
Chancellor, of the Left 350
chancellors, weak powers of 479
Chancellors, of Left and Right 309
Chang ping cang 117, 264
Chang’an, breach of walls 549; as capital 257, 413; crime in 648; incendiarism in 739; name of 542; panic in 250; walls of 398, 642
change of name 66, 131, 132, 191, 199, 211, 324, 624
Changle hu jiang 647
Changling, site of tomb for Chengdi 53, 112, 132, 252, 374, 449, 524, 611, 670
Changping cang 359, 607
Changshui xiaowei 133, 661
Changyang fu 638
Chen sheng Liu Taiping huangdi 593
Chen Shou Zhou ji 481
Chengmen Jiangjun 709
Chengmen Xiaowei 707
Chengzhou 645
Chi jing zi 113
Chi shu 81
Chidi (Power of Red) 539
Chimei Jiangjun 532
Chinese bride, for non-Chinese leader 168, 359, 398
Chinese language, used by Xiongnu 728
Chiyou, sacrifice to 254
Chu ci 448
Chu Han chunqiu 416
Chunqiu 71, 72; compilation of 161; promoted by Dong Zhongshu 72
Chunqiu fanlu 73
Ci guan 213
cinnabar, private monopoly 455; profits from 531
Cishi 670
clouds, energy of 253, 467
clover, brought to China 278
cock-fighting 261
code of behaviour 482
coinage 60, 188, 428, 475, 693; ban on minting 342; control of 277; illegal minting 623; private minting 594; replacement of 122; under Wang Mang 543; under Wendi 308
collation of literature 374, 459, 492, 523, 639
colonies, 264, 300, 544; at Chigu cheng 613; at Luntai 215, 277, 509; of the north-west 26; at Quli 487; at Yanqi 613; at Yixun 582; as advised by Zhao Chongguo 703; sponsored 463
comet 49, 70; (of 157 BC) 341; (of 110 BC) 553; (of AD 22) 752; in Yuandi’s reign 356
commanderies, established by Gaodi 255, 257; under Jingdi 341—2; founded under Wudi 275—6, 278; presentation of accounts 741
commercial dues 156
commission of enquiry 153, 184, 231, 250, 416, 464, 562, 611; (of 86 and 81 BC) 300; (of 62 BC) 226, 263; (Yuandi’s reign) 358; (of 17 and 14 BC) 248; (of AD 4) 454
commoner status, 688; reduction to 214, 246, 266, 286, 297, 329, 332, 353, 379, 390, 412, 484, 492, 533, 598, 629, 704, 715, 722, 724
confidentiality 475, 489, 547, 615, 738
Confucian ideals 528; praised by Du Qin 82
Confucius 323; assessed by Liu Xin 384; authority of 251; descent from Yin 435; honours to 357, 639; house of 279, 402; praised by Dong Zhongshu 71, 72; sacrifice by Gaodi 258; services to 206, 210; teachings of 261
conscription, age of 340
contraband goods 620
contract, for purchase of slave 634
convicts, in armed forces 13, 28, 300, 413, 434, 540, 714; banished to Xihai 544; in battle 148; in iron agency 473; on light duty 703; settled in the south 711; in repairs at Yellow River 180
copper mines, of Yandao 60
copper resources, of Wu 335
corpse, purposeful destruction of 349, 520 349, 504, 564, 642, 648
court luxuries, reduction of 359
crime, responsibility for 358
criminals, in armed forces 138, 184, 645, 653, 655, 744; settled in the west 324
cruelty, of officials 419
cults of state 670, 742;
cults of state 742, sites for 85
cyclical rule, of dynasties 259
Da bo jing 617
Da Changshi 159
Da Du lü 86
Da Sikong, establishment of 249
Da Sima, establishment of 249
Da Xia, Shu’s produce in 688
Da xue 71
Da Yin 543
Da yitong 72
Dabaotai tomb 318
Dafu, as governor 555, 719, 741, 757; as counsellor 757
Daiyu 99
Daizhao chen Ancheng Weiyang shu 1
Daizhao jinma Liao Cang 240
dance, at imperial shrines 339; at Wendi’s shrine 310
Dao 21, 645
Dao yin 685
Daojia 78
Dazhui 158, 498
death penalty 250; reluctance of Wendi 99, 104, 153, 271; of Wudi 268, 332, 333; of Xuandi 350
decrees, of Empress 399; forgery of 561; of Grand Empress Dowager 537, 564; illegal retention of copies 61; issued by Liu Chang (1) 271
deerskin, used for collection of revenue 631, 693
Deng shi qian 60
Dependent States 169, 264; established 175; use of cavalry of 221
deposal of monarchs 172
desecration of graves 664, 672; of First Qin Emperor 256
destruction of human corpse 349, 504, 520, 564, 642, 648
Deyang shrine 345
Di Ku 546
di, use of title by two monarchs 415, 711
dialect, of Qi 295
dialects, differences in 107
dialogue form, in Dongfang Shuo’s essays 74
Ding hu Jiangjun 560
dismemberment of a body 461
dissection, for medical purposes 568
divination 45, 50, 460, 538, 749; before accession 307; with use of cocks’ bones 658; by professionals 484
diviner’s board 541, 597
diviners, integrity of 189
divining stalks, and the Changes 96
division of imperial rule 601
Dizhu obstruction 446
documentation (for 117 BC) 312
documents, duplicated 619; suppression of 619; from Xianyang 603; from Yinwan 252, 325
Dong bu du you 159
Dong di, as title 272, 336
Donghai commandery, registers of 479
Dongyu Jiangjun 747
dragons, appearance of 124
drum, of an office 536
Du Zhong suan shu 85
Dunhuang, see under banishment
duplicate copies of documents 619
duplication, in the Han shu 296
dwarfs, at court 74
dykes, of Runan 624
dynastic cycle 374
earth, as patron element 124, 187, 485; as patron element of Xin 539; services to 249
earthquake 541; of 29 BC 248, 348
earthquake and eclipse (of 29 BC) 82, 132, 248, 348
eclipse 563, 683; (of 57 or 54 BC) 44, 641; (of 54 BC) 263; (of 25 BC) 82, 521; (of 2 BC) 63, 85, 208, 529, 548, 581; (of AD 1) 454; (of AD 14) 450, 454; (of AD 14, 16) 543; interpretation of 697; in Jingdi’s reign 340; in Yuandi’s reign 356; cited by Zhang Kuang (1) 549; and earthquake (29 BC) 82, 132, 248, 348
economic controls 97, 157; of Wang Mang 385, 484;
economic distress, in Yuandi’s reign 121
economic measures, of Geng Shouchang 117
economic problems 463
economies, call for 645; under Yuandi 358
edict, forgery 571
emperor, duties of 71, 72, 248; function of 279
Empress Dowager, authority of 305, 323, 324, 465; decrees of 247, 379, 523, 515
enumeration of years 676
epitaph inscriptions 536
estate, with Nobility of the Interior, see Nobility of the Interior
eunuchs 60, 116;
eunuch, in Qi kingdom 287, 449; in Qin 146, 705; in Gaodi’s reign 92; in Huidi’s reign 397; in time of Empress Lü 511, 698; in Wendi’s reign 309, 710, 728; in Wudi’s reign 233, 705; in Xuandi’s reign 619; in Xuandi, Yuandi’s reigns 479; in Yuandi’s reign 159, 357, 607; in AD 15 540; employment of 477; ennoblement of 427; limitation of 249
evidence, suppression of 512
expansion, under Wudi 278
expansionist policy, criticism of 744
export trade 278
extermination of family, as punishment 64, 124, 428, 448, 512, 553, 555, 710; demanded by Wendi 690
extravagance, criticism of 121—2
Fa yan 158, 638
factionalism 155
Fan jiang 488
Fan Lisao 638
Fangling see under Banishment
fangzheng 263
favouritism, castigated 529
Feng and Shan rites 62, 129, 280, 384, 442, 469, 488, 553, 624, 712, 727; performed by Huo Qubing 175, 575
Fengzhong ci yue 504
Fenwu Jiangjun 499, 531
Ferghana 221
fire, in Gaodi’s shrine 750; in Wendi’s shrine 173
First Qin Emperor, attempted murder 683; paternity of 420, 426, 549; tomb of 256
‘Five Baits’ policy 189
fiscal administration, by Wang Boqi 66
fisheries 618; tax on 117
Five Phases 72, 232; see also Wu xing
Five Powers (Wu di), colours of 258; services to 249; worship of 308, 343, 357
flogging, as punishment 340
floods 96, 100; (of 17 BC) 499
fogs, as a portent 637
forgery, of a decree 561, 571, 681; of documents 112, 623, 655
fortunes, growth of private 277
fratrilinear succession 663
fu, of Ban Biao 4, 22; of Ban Gu 6, 62—3; of Ban Jieyu 7; of Bie Xuyang 11; of Cai Jia, 17; of Chang Shi 26; of Dong Zhongshu 73; of Du Can 81; of Feng Shang 100; of Hua Long 162; of Jia Chong 184; of Jia Yi 189; of Li Buchang 217; of Li Xi (2) 231; of Li Zhong (1) 235; of Liu An (2) 244; of Liu De (7) 292; of Liu Qin (1) 347; of Liu Xiang (1) 372; of Liu Yan (2) 392; of Liu You (1) 400; of Liu Yue (1) 339, 403; of Lu Gong 415; of Lu Jia 416; of Lü Jia (3) 523; of Mei Gao 435; of Mei Sheng 436; of Ni Kuan 442; of Qin Chong 454; of Qing Qiuzhi 455; of Sima Qian 486; of Sima Xiangru 488; of Su Ji 491; of Sui Hong 496; of Wang Bao (1) 517; of Wang Guang 523; of Wang Long (2) 536; of Wang Shang (3) 550; of (Wu) 584; of Wudi 279; of Xiao Wangzhi 608; of Xie Duo 609; of Xu Bo 617; of Xu Ming 621; of Xue Fang 626; of Yang Xiong 251, 638; of (Yannian) (3) 642; of (Yi) (2) 644; of Yi Hua 646; of (Yingqi) (1) 657; of (Yue) 666; of Zhang Feng 680; of Zhang Ren 689; of Zhang Yan (2) 695; of Zhang Ziqiao 699; of Zhou Changru 732; of Zhu Jian 740; of Zhu Maichen 741; of Zhu Yu 743; of Zhuang Congqi 745; of Zhuang Ji 745; of Zhuang Zhu 749; of Zou Yang 754; composed at the court of Liu Wu (2) 367; by ministers of Changsha 294; presented to Liu Yu (1) 402; writers in Wudi’s reign 279
Fu Han Da Jiangjun 675
Fu ming 539, 546
Fu tu Jiangjun 117, 694, 755
Fu xi yushi 715
Fucheng 543
Fuju Jiangjun 125
funeral, official gifts at 154
fuzuo 342
gambler, reputation of 202
games of chance 454
Ganquan fu 638
Gao Yao, services to 464
Gaodi, fire at shrine of 70; reduction of honours 499; shrines of 482
Gaojuli 544
Gaozong, title of Yuandi 542
garrison forces, in the north-west 278
Gechuan Jiangjun 630, 744
Geng Chang yue xing bo tu 118
Geng Chang yue xing du 118
Gengshi Jiangjun 201, 237, 474, 719
geshi 212; of Ju Zhong 203
Gewu, game of 667
ghost, of Liu Xin (1) 386
‘Giant Rat’ 404
giant, report of 144
gold, ban on private possession 543, manufacture of 227, 245, 277, 291, 342, 372, 480
‘golden man’ statue captured by Huo Qubing 174, 616
Gong, as a title 323
Gongyang zhuan 72, 265, 372, 609
government agencies, abolition of 359; structure under Wang Mang 542; tasks of 597
governors, grades of 358
grading, of officials 95, 431, 467; of Regional Commissioners 41
grain, delivery of 463; price, transport of 117, 264, 607
grapes, brought to China 24
Gu wen text, of the Changes 96
Guan Duwei 648
Guangwu jun 237
Guanzi 16, 105, 217
gui, services to 249
Guliang zhuan 18, 72, 265, 372, 461, 609; sponsorship for 251
Guo Dafu, bestowal of title 91
Guo Qin lun 50, 188
Guoshi, title of Liu Xin (1) 385; of Miao Xin 439
Guoyu 375
Hainan 359, 548; reorganisation of 299; withdrawal from 185
Han Confucianism 70, 278
Han dynasty, renewal of 232, 252
Han Fei 279, 511, 577
Han Fu yuan nian, term used for dating 568
Han gu 151
Han house, descent from Xia, Yin, Zhou 434; loss of Mandate 113; see also Yao
Han li calendar 129, 443
Han nei zhuan 151
Han shi wai zhuan 151
Han shu, compilation of 100; defective information of 151
Han version of the Songs 18
Han wai zhuan 151
Han Xin san pian 149
Han yu 176
hat, devised by Liu Bang 253, 257
Heaven, as guide to mankind 248; and dynastic destiny 208, 232; and imperial sovereignty 71, 186
Heaven and Earth, services to 214, 249, 255 (by Liu Bang)
Heaven, Earth and Man 52, 232, 278, 308, 645
Hedong, foundation of commandery 569
Hedong fu 638
Henghai Jiangjun 151
Hengye Jiangjun 416
Heping, adoption of regnal title 560
Hepu, see under banishment
Heqin 61, 143, 145, 180, 205, 216, 309, 413, 428, 434, 443, 458, 504, 526, 556, 590, 637, 713
herding dues 54
hereditary office 485, 486, 502
hereditary succession 8, 78, 158, 307
hereditary system 228
hermits 75
hexagrams, advice of 579; interpreter of 556
highway, central reserve 670
historical account of Wang Mang 648
historical writing, motives for 485
histories, compilation of 4, 6, 161
Hong bao yuan bi shu 372
Hong fan 232
Hong fan wu xing zhuan lun 374
horse liver, consumption of 50
horses, attempts to procure 202; ban on export 342; on campaigns 575; doctor of 683; export banned 577; nine named 215; physiognomy of 167; price of 458; shortage of 180
Hou Han shu 6
Hou shi shuo 158
Hou tu, cults to 129, 249, 487, 488
Hu Qiang Xiaowei 614
Huainanzi 244
Huang and Lao 4, 18, 20, 21, 61, 78, 80, 115, 180, 291, 308, 338, 505, 511, 550, 633, 666, 712, 721; opposition to 127
Huangdi (Power of Yellow) 539
Huangdi (Yellow Emperor) 173, 469, 500; as ancestor of Wang Mang 542; attention to 280; time-interval from 691; sacrifice to 254
Huangdi tiaoli 232
Huangzhi 325
Huben Jiangjun 240, 528, 533
Hujun she shi Wang He she shu 524
‘human pig, 452
human sacrifice 222
Huo Jitang 53
Huya Jiangjun 240, 561
hydraulic experts 133, 145; problems 155, 208; works 97, 467
hymns, at religious cults 280
immortal beings 417
immortality, search for 129, 131, 152, 158 imperial cults, site of 247
imperial highway, infringement 718
imperial robes, monthly conveyance 211, 482, 697
imperial shrines 245, 382, 445, 539, 620, 755; damaged by fire 70; dismantlement 447; infringement of 218; proposed reduction 122; in provinces 647; responsibility for 358; services to 155; of Huidi, Jingdi 120
imperial sovereignty 4, 28
imperial titles 233
imperial tombs, damaged 541
imposture, case of 45, 203, 298, 587
imprecation 97, 738
India 425, 548; passage to 3
indictment, of Liu Chang (1) 15
infanticide 122
inscriptions, set up by Second Qin Emperor 653
interest rates 395
inundation, as a military tactic 148
iron agencies, of Qin 484; riots in 250, 493; see monopolies
iron, ban on sale of goods 711; control of 277;
foundries in Zhao kingdom 334; smelting 46
irrigation project 612, 722, 746; in Dunhuang 614
jade-suit 77, 244, 284, 348, 354, 367, 388, 402, 707, 731, 736; for Dong Xian (2) 66; of Fu Taihou 109; with gold lace 387; for Huo Guang 172; of a noble 345
Ji chan 373
Jian, form of character 793
Jiang Dafu 198
Jiang shi shuo 193
Jiangtun Jiangjun 527, 619
Jianwei commandery, establishment of 503; form of name 793
Jianwei Jiangjun 144, 532, 560
Jianzhang Palace 658
Jiao lie fu 638
Jiaoxi, misgovernment in 294
Jibin, relations with 81
Jie and Zhou 540, 556, 640, 663; portraits of 556
Jie chao 638
Jie nan 638
Jijiu pian 359, 480
Jimi 607
Jincheng Shu guo 703
Jing Fang Yi zhuan 200, 248
Jing Junming tui dao shu 200
Jing Ke lun 201
Jing Ke, painting of 349
Jing shi Duan Jia 87, 200
Jing shi ri zhan tu 200
Jing shi shi wu xing zai yi zhuan 200
Jing shi Yi zhuan 200
jing tian 445, 500, 681
Jinu Jiangjun 532
Jitang 53
Jiu wei 373
Jiu zhen 638
Jiuquan see under banishment
Juanyong 213
Juci, as Xiongnu title 57, 58
Judicial Referees, establishment of 419
Jue ming ci 612
Juedi games 277, 359, 528
Jun hou jia cheng 83
Jun shu system 277, 463
Jun, title granted to a woman 668
Junshi Jiangjun 532
Jushe, regnal title 538 3
Jushi, relations with 205
Juyan, defence lines of 264
Kang Youwei 384
Kangju, relations with 112
Karashahr 57, 140, 174, 613
Keeper of the Jades 20
Keeper of the Silks 20
kingdoms, establishment of 257; reduction of 79; reserved for Liu family 505, 535, 586; restoration of 250; size of 189; under Jingdi 340—2; under Wendi 307; under Xuandi 265; under Yuandi 358
kings’ sons, as nobles 750
kings, powers of 750
kings, treatment of 354
Kong congzi, appended text 212
Kucha 26, 47, 106, 251, 382
Kumano Shingû 618
Kunmo, visit to Chang’an 382
Kunyang, battle of 540
land, illegal purchase 570, 582; limitation of holdings 72, 155, 208, 381, 476; sale of 543; tax 342
Lang Yi 374
Lang, nomination of 381
language of animals, birds 636, 639
Laozi 50, 749; exposition of 2; text of 290; value of 7
Laozi Fu shi jing shuo 108
Laozi Xu shi jing shuo 622
‘Large Hat’ (Du Ye) 85
laws of the empire 603, 605; complexity of 419; of Liu Bang 255; principles 692; procedures 263; simplification of 250
learning, a woman’s reputation for 479
legal changes 27, 28, 188, 340, 542, 716
legal measures, of Qin 72; issued by Liu Chang (1) 272
legitimacy, dynastic 166, 663; of sovereign 343
Lelang, establishment of commandery 630
Li 308, 622, 624
Li guan Dafu 123, 622, 624
Li guo Jiangjun 707
Li Han Jiangjun 102, 499
Li ji, text of 290
Li Jiangjun she fa 220
Li, importance of 187, 374; text of 290
Liang, difficulty in governing 293; strategic position in 154 BC 341
Lianshuai 543
Liaoxi see under banishment
Lienü zhuan 373
Ling, duties of 757
Lingtai 290
Linjiang Jiang 166
Lintun, establishment of commandery 630
liquor, monopoly of 463, 510
literary discussions, in Huainan 244
literature, ban lifted 397; collation of 374, 459, 492, 523, 639; collection of 374; composition of 5; search for 34, 544
Liu Bang, abandonment of children 597
Liu family, reduction of honours 499
Liu yi 72
Liubo 39, 338, 617
local conditions, customs study of 697, 740
local maps, registers 206
locusts 541
longevity, claim for 227
‘Loose Rein’ policy 607
Longxing, as regnal title 130
Louchuan Jiangjun 634
Loulan, murder of the king 106; relations with Han 2; renamed Shanshan 582
loyalty, price of 753; transfer of 225
Lu Anchang hou shuo 697
Lü shi chunqiu, compilation of 421
Lü, the twelve 199, 645
Luan Gong she 429
lucerne, brought to China 24
Luntai 215, 463; butchery of inhabitants 222; colonies at 300, 509
Lunyu 93; familiarity with 481; studied by Liu Qu 349
Luoyang, proposed as capital 539, 541
mai (vessels) 52, 635
Mai fa 53
Mancheng tombs 354
Mandate of Heaven 31, 55, 71, 214, 311, 373, 416, 496, 530, 539, 593, 610, 726; renewal needed for Han 138
manikins, as proof of witchcraft 151, 192
Maocai 608, 706
maps 755; errors in 715; of kingdoms 312; local 206; prepared by one of the kings 317; of Qin empire 255
markets, supervision of 568
marriage, to non-Chinese leaders 320
matrimonial alliance, with Wusun 688
matrimonial relations and dynastic history 173
Mawangdui tombs 56
medical practice 623, 624, 635, 641; practice and theory 52; treatise 412
medicine, study of 562
Mei su shi 746
Meng shi Jing Fang 200
Mengzi, text of 290
Menxia yuan 120
merchants, discrimination against 277, 381, 397; restrictions on 257; wealth of 28
metropolitan area, division of 719; strategic value 600
migration, of population 277, 300; to Maoling 750
military colonies 703
military discipline 45, 101, 735
military methods, of Li Guang 220
military orders of honour 575, 634
military service 28
military texts 635
Min Yue 243
Ming gao li fucheng 164
ming jing 528
Ming wei Jiangjun 570
Mingtang 78, 80, 131, 186, 211, 290, 325, 385, 450, 469, 499, 537, 541, 608, 616, 712; at Taishan 280, 343
minting, ban on private 186; see coinage
Minzhong commandery 753
mitigation of punishments 419, 509, 577
mo, forms of character 65
monarchy, principle of 410
monopolies of state 277; criticism of 122; of liquor 463; of salt and iron 72, 75, 210, 359, 463; of Wang Mang 543
monopolies in Zhao kingdom 334
mourning rites 664
mourning, restrictions ordered by Wendi 310
moxa 53, 54
music 32, 76, 118, 158; ban on licentious 381; at imperial shrines 339, 483; performance before suicide 142, 167, 743; performance of Gao Jianli 114; of Zheng 13, 83, 201; text on 562, 641
musical composition 516, 699; for state cults 233
musical tradition 433, 449; of Liu De (1) 490, 519
musicians, reduction of establishment 155, 208
mutilating punishments 51, 99, 676
name, change of 66, 131, 132, 191, 199, 211, 324, 624
Nan, title conferred by Wang Mang 56, 77, 140, 182, 197
Nancheng Jiangjun 237
Nayan 97
Nei (ye) zhe Ling 140
New Text school 279
Nine Ancestral Shrines, of Wang Mang 55, 455, 541, 524, 530, 542, 554, 561, 681
Nine Orders of Merit 537
‘Nine Tiger Generals’ 541
Nineteen Hymns of State 214
Ningshi Jiangjun 56, 158, 211, 237, 474, 644
nobilities, not entered in Tables 1, 16, 22, 57, 75, 76, 83, 90, 240; for a eunuch 427, 698; exceptionally large 685; for non-Chinese 47, 54, 62, 111, 276, 343, 736; order of precedence 88; propagandist title of 509; restoration of 67, 82; search for heirs 84; for sons of kings 276, 339, 354, 392; succession by younger son 476; on surrendered leaders 175; for women 425, 592, 606, 618, 650; under Chengdi 250; under Gaodi 257; under Pingdi 323, 324; under Wendi 307; under Wudi 276; under Xuandi 262; under Yuandi 358; under Zhaodi 300
Nobility of the Interior, bestowed by Liu Chang (1) 272; with estate 77, 194, 206, 219, 291, 323, 356, 413, 438, 472, 475, 499, 590, 595, 607, 663, 674, 732; inherited 12, 102, 104, 210, 521, 605, 608; second grant 476
nobles, register in order of merit 36, 427
nobles, sent to their estates 309
nomination, of Lang 381
non-Chinese forces, use of 28, 112
oath, on nomination of kings 426
occult arts 429
official documents, from Xianyang 603; from Yinwan 252, 325
official titles, change of 380
officials, assessment of 459; criticism of 484; punishment of 524, 716, 737; quality of 47, 528; recruitment of 71, 258, 299, 309, 340, 358, 381; see under tests
Old Text school 279
oppression, by officials 97, 263
orders of honour 263; bestowed individually 16; bestowed by one of the kings 317; purchase of 250, 277, 342, 397; purposes, occasions for 358; use of 28
Ouyang Xiu 92
painters, named 547
painting, as immortality symbol 16
painting, of Jing Ke 349
paintings 7; see also portraits
palace names, used to refer to consorts 108
palaces, in Chang’an 277, 642
Panyu 505
parade of imperial robes 211, 482, 697
past, authority of 251, 355, 372
paternity, of First Qin Emperor 420, 426, 549; of Zhaodi 405
patrilinear succession 663
patron element 279, 676; change of 187, 309
pearl trade 69
pearls, collection of 563
Penglai 618
pensions, for officials 324
persecution, of scholars 655
phenomena, accounts of 374; and Dong Zhongshu 70; interpretation of 54, 55
physicians, family of 412
physiognomist 651, 736
physiognomy 253; of cattle 50; of Deng Tong 60; of horses 32, 167; of pigs 273; of a shaman’s daughter 165
Piaoyao xiaowei 430, 438
Picken, Dr L.E. R. 114
pigeon headed staff 597
Ping di Jiangjun 546
Ping zhun system 277
Pingdi, alleged murder of 671
Pingyang Dafu 238
pitch-pipes (lü) 199, 645
poems, of Wang Bao (1) 557; of Wei Meng 573; of Wei Xuancheng 580; see also fu, geshi
poll tax 122, 258; raised illegally 352
portents 71, 239, 265
portraits 84, 292, 495, 579, 686, 703, 607, 674; of esteemed officials 152; fabrication of 700; to impress the Shanyu 168; of Jie and Zhou 556, 640; of Li Furen 219; of a non-Chinese woman 196; of worthy men 13
posthumous titles, of emperors 155, 208, 542; of nobles 291
pre-imperial monarchs 691
present, as against past 355
price controls 277
price stabilization 463; of grain 607
princess, as bride for non-Chinese leader 342, 376, 377, 413
principle, as against practice 72
private shrines to the soil 153
prognostication, for the new year 578
prognostication text 164, 533
proscription, of literature 655
Protector General, establishment of 265
protocol, of Gaodi’s court 482
provincial administration 543
provincial system 228
punishment, mitigation of 186, 308, 340, 358; of officials 118, 444, 471; redemption from 51; severity of 263, 346; see also mutilating punishments, ransom
pupils, of Academicians 127
‘Puppy’ 487
purchase of appointment 165, 690
Qi fa 436
Qi Hou shi gu 158
Qi Hou shi zhuan 158
Qi lüe 375, 383
Qi yi 374
Qi, dialect of 295
Qi, succession of kings, see under Tian family members
Qian Da Sima 286
Qian Han ji 6
Qiang peoples 264; rebellion 359; unity of 702
Qiangnu Jiangjun 499, 531, 554, 624, 708
Qiao jun xue 636
Qilian Jiangjun 507
Qilin Hall, venue for portraits 152
qin (chamber of rest) 482
Qin cao 547, 558
Qin, collapse of 29; oppression of 71; precedents, Han use of 483; weakness of 186
Qingju shi zhe 93
Qiuzi (Kucha) 26, 47, 251, 382
Qu Yuan 187, 638
Queen Mother of the West 85, 383
Quhu lai Wang 503
Quli, colonies at 487
Qutai ji 157
ransom, from punishment 122, 244, 245, 463, 579, 635, 675; by delivery of grain 226, 606, 677
rats, prosecution of 692
re-dedication, of Han dynasty 113, 382
reburial, as a commoner 323
recommendation of candidates, in question 559
recruitment, for office 250, 263, 325
Red Eyebrows 540
red, power of 539; as symbol of the Han dynasty 253—4
reduction to commoner status, see under commoner
reform, administrative (under Xuandi) 263; call for 233; call for by Gong Yu 122; of judicial procedures 419
regency 170; of Zhou Gong, Wang Mang 347
Regional Commissioners, Inspectors 381, 628; establishment of 276
register, of nobles 223
registration of males 654
relief measures 250, 264
religious cults, suppression of 249
religious practices, of the south 658
religious services, attended by Xuandi 262
renewal, of Heavenly Mandate 593
rest days, of officials 680
retirement bounties on 299; of a chancellor 578
rhinoceros 325
Ri pang zhan yan 162
riot, in iron agency 473, 493
Rome 727
Rou tang 53
Ru 125, 180
Ru shu 80, 712
ruler, duties of 373
Runan, destruction of dykes 671
Ruodi, term used in Xiongnu titles 111
salaries, of officials 263
salient of land, held by the Xiongnu 594
salt, commission of Liaoxi 567; control of 277; peddling 66; price of 264; private monopoly over 430; private workings 449; resources 693, of Wu 335
salt and iron, monopolies 72, 75
San gong 155, 542, 739, 697; adoption of term 208, 380, 523
San tong 248
San tong li 384, 724
Sanlao Zhao Yuan zhi bei 700, 703, 704, 707, 709, 717
Sanwei see under banishment
scholarly conference (of 51 BC) see Shi qu ge; (of AD 5) 326
scholarship, state of 384; under Wang Mang 544
schools, establishment of 325; in south-west 583
seal, cut in preparation for a plot 243; of king of Dian 570; sent by Wang Mang to the Shanyu 14, 38, 531, 534, 543, 589, 591
seasonal restrictions, on punishments 750
Second Qin Emperor, tomb of 488
secretariat, curtailment of powers 176, 619
segregation of the sexes 503
senior officials, rights of 153
sequences, of five or six 645
sex, change of 31
shaman, shamaness 105, 225, 366, 389, 658
Shan rites; see Feng and Shan rites
Shang di, Wendi as partner 325; worship by Liu Bang 255; by Wendi 307
Shang shu, in 102 pian 674; recovery of text 206; text found by Liu De (1) 290
Shang shu da zhuan 107
Shang shu zaji 736
Shang Yang 279, 577
Shangdang, foundation of commandery 569
Shanglin Park 74, 277, 453, 604
Shanshan, adoption of name 582
Shangyong see under banishment
Shanyu, status at Chang’an 168, 607
Shanyu, visit to Chang’an 265, 359, 382
She fa 554
shells, to replace coins 475
Shen Buhai 279, 577
Shen Jiang 663
Shen niao fu 479
shen, services to 249
Shi li 115
Shi qu ge conference of 51 BC 265, 239, 372, 445, 474, 524, 528, 580, 583, 595, 608, 618, 627, 647, 689, 733, 745
Shi yao 572
Shi yi (Physician in Attendance) 236
Shiji, addenda to 49, 50, 360, 392, 473, 572, 575, 603; compilation of 100, 101, 102, 195, 238, 486; deficiency of 338; refusal to show copy 401, 520; Yang Yun’s part 640
shiwu status 112, 176, 205
Shizong, title for Wudi 650
Shizu benji 6
Shoujiang fortifications 124
Shourong 439
shrines, ancestral 357, 397; dedicated to Fan Kuai 92; dismantlement of 580; of emperors 499; of Gaodi 95, 482; in individual’s lifetime 660; for an official 743; reduction of emperors’ 215; of Wudi 262
Shu guo 264
Shu shu 650
Shu wang ben ji 639
Shu, produce seen in Da Xia 688; scholarly learning in 583; see also under banishment
Shun, honours paid to 137, 372; as Wang Mang’s ancestor 539, 542
Shuo yuan 373
Shuofang commandery, establishment 574, 750
Si guo 740
Si ming 211, 439 707
Sili 9, 381
Sili xiaowei 381, 610; establishment, suppression of 249
Silk Roads 278
silver, fabrication of 666
Sima bingfa 484
Sima Guang 106
Sima Qian, criticism of works 520
Sishi shrine 668
Situ yuan 4
Siwei 30
six schools of thought 486
Sizhi, duties of 381
slaves, in armed forces 540; conducting commercial transactions 62; contract for purchase 517, 634; emancipation of 495, 669; limitation of ownership 208, 381, 476; ownership of large numbers 46, 751; power of 566; purchase of 108, 543, 588; reduction to 146, 183, 605; volunteer to be 51
‘Small Hat’ (Du Qin) 82
Sogdiana 221
Soju 623
Song house, honours for 357; search for survivors 214 songs, 203, 212; of celebration (Xuandi’s reign) 154; of Chu 602; composed by Li Furen 219; of Pu Fan 451; spontaneous (of boys) 704; before suicide 390; of Wudi 219; of Xiang Yu 602
south-west, campaigns in 103; expansion into 126, 503, 548; internal unrest 33, 46
sovereign, duties of 133, 428
sovereignty, as part of cosmic scheme 82; value of 229
sponsored colonies, farms 277, 300
sponsorship of officials 528, 661
spurious works, of Dong Fangshuo 74
standards of public life 528
state cults, change in 214, 692; sites of 142, 208, 249, 325, 382, 385, 450, 476, 542, 548, 564, 620, 627, 755; style of worship 213; attended by Wudi 280
stockbreeding, at the frontier 454
Stone Conduit, see Shi qu ge
stone ox, as a portent 162
strips, from Dingxian 388; from Shangsunjia 431
structure of government, under Wang Mang 542
students, in protest 557
Su Dongpo 94, 189
succession to throne, principle of 171
Suoju 98
Superintendent of the Imperial Clan, duties of 291
surname, gift of Wang 385
surrendered Qiang, killed 553
Sutrishna 221
swordsmanship 699
taboo name, avoidance of 212
Tai Gong bing fa 684
Tai xuan 158
Tai yi, cult of 249, 280, 439, 487; support for Xin dynasty 539
Tai, Mount, ascent by First Qin Emperor 654; by Second Qin Emperor 653; by Wudi 280, 729
Taibao 719; establishment of 324
Taichu calendar 161, 442, 623
Taichu, as regnal title 279
Taichu yuanjiang, as regnal title 593
Taifu, introduction of title 208; restoration 381
Taiping 310, 373, 419
Taishan see Tai, Mount
Taishi Gong shu 401
Taishi Jiangjun 532
Taishi Xizhong 201
Taishi, introduction of title 208, 323
Taixuan 638
Taixue, complement of 251
Taiyuan, foundation of commandery 569
Taizi tan, worship to 213
Taizong, title 339; title for Wendi 472
Taizu, title 339; title for Gaodi 472
tallies, for call-out of forces 734
Talons and teeth’ 499
Tang and Wu 663
Taohui Jiangjun 747
tax, paid in kind 300
tests, for officials and candidates for office 71, 83, 127, 141, 199, 309, 578, 606, 643, 669
textiles, use in place of coin 359
texts, collection by Liu De (1) 290; found in Confucius’ house 402
Ti yao 373
Tian dao Jiangjun 430
Tian guan li 113
Tian he Jiangjun 700
Tianwen qixiang za zhan 10
tiger, combat with 235
‘Tiger Generals’ 531
time, calculation of 233; division of 382, 538, 593
Tingwei ping 263, 419
titles, for Empress Dowager Fu 108, 714; of empresses, imperial consorts 108, 379; for Grand Empress Dowager 530; of officials, 279, 324, 340, 542, 739; for Wang Zhengjun 696; borne by women 543 (see also nobilities)
titles bestowed by Wang Mang, see Nan, Zi
tomb, of Dong Xian (2) 68
Tong tian tai 129
Tongpu Duwei 603
Tongtian tai 555
topography, notes on 464
treaty of amity, see Heqin
tripods, discovery of 129, 195, 667; of Zhou 615
troops, authority to call out 87
tun tian 264, 702
unification 258
‘usurpation’ by Wang Mang 748
usury 591
vagrancy, in Yuandi’s time 660
veins of the earth 438
vendetta 5, 253, 431, 630, 648
vine, brought to China 278
Wang Chong 4, 22
Wang jun qi 11
Wang Mang, declared an usurper 34
Wang ming lun 4, 568
wang qi 491, 553
Wang Yu ji 562
Wang, gift of surname 539
Wang, gift of title to non-Chinese 88
warnings, of Heaven 71, 593
water, as patron element 124, 187
weapons, carried by civilians 667; search for 566, 606
Wei Bridge 300, 340
Wei Jiangjun 734
Wei shi she fa 576
Wei, of a county 62, 80, 105
Weidou 540
weights and measures 675
Weiyang, as site for imperial cults 615
Wendi, as partner of Shangdi 325; views on punishment 690; see also death penalty
Wendi, title of Zhao Hu (2) 707
Wenlu fu 636
Wenzi 388
Western Regions, cut of communications with 140; relations with 142, 251, 544, 688
White Tiger Hall 6
wings, as sign of immortals 483
women, courage of 535; in diplomacy 99; ennoblement of 425, 543, 650 (see also nobilities); entitled jun 668; known for learning 479
wooden manikins 476
writing, unification of system 229, 654
Wu and Ji Colonel 358, 359
Wu cao guan zhi 189
Wu di, as title of king of Dong Yue 668; of Zhao Tuo 711
Wu di see Five Powers
Wu fen Duwei 62
Wu guan yuan 704
Wu guan Zhonglang jiang 95
Wu ji lun 374
Wu jin xiang yi qi 585
Wu jun liu guan 416
Wu Wang, as title of Zhao Tuo 711
Wu wei Jiangjun 234
Wu wei si ming 30
Wu wei Zhong cheng Jiangjun 55
Wu xing 72, 124, 232, 615, 645; dance 262; for dynastic sequence 676; in decree of Yuandi 358
Wu xing lun li 622
Wu xing zhuan ji 622
Wudi, criticism of 596, 645, posthumous honours to 507, 596; reputation of 552; shrine dedicated to 385, 580; views on punishment, see death penalty
wugu 31, 125, 140, 162, 192
Wuhuan 5
Wuhuan du Jiangjun 62
Wuji Xiaowei 499
Wuli Jiangjun 430
Wulu Chongzong lüe shuo 590
Wusi dafu 296
Wusun, fate of leaders 2; relations with 25, 87, 99, 264, 382
Wuwei hou guan Jiangjun 529
Wuwei Jiang 105, 546
Wuwei Jiangjun 439, 531, 675
Wuwei qian guan jiangjun 528
Wuyuan, establishment of commandery 574
Xi Chu Ba Wang 49, 255, 601
Xia house, honours to 209
Xialai Jiangjun 184
Xianbei 5
Xiang wei Jiangjun 227
xiang, official of kingdoms 342
Xianlian tribes 702
xianliang 263, 608
Xiao Du lü 84
Xiao jing 93, 325, 646, 697; familiarity with 481
Xiezi bu shu 611
Xihai commandery, foundation of 76, 324, 450, 544; see also under banishment
Xihe, establishment of 324; title of Liu Xin (1) 385
Xin, adoption of dynastic title 539
Xin lun 6, 164
Xin shu 188
Xin shu, of (Rao) 457
Xin xu 373
Xin yu 416
Xingming 308, 338, 490, 682, 687
Xingyang 669; importance of 79, 255, 234, 336; see also Ao Granary
Xinshi bing 532
Xionghe Jiangjun 709
Xiongnu, change of titles 589; division of 543, 546, 589, 592; divisiveness among 167; penetration close to Chang’an 309; policy on 526; settlement with 264; see also Heqin, seal
Xizhou Shang Jiangjun 568
Xu Shang suan shu 622
Xuantu, establishment of commandery 630
Xuanwu Jiangjun 675
Xun Yue 6
Xun zuan 638
Ya qin Long shi 119
Ya qin shi shi 480
Ya qin Zhao shi 119
Yafu, as a term of respect 94
Yang sheng 1
Yang Xiong, writings of 561
Yangwu Jiangjun 546
Yanqi 57, 140, 174
Yantie lun 122, 163, 300, 357, 463
Yao, abdication of 539; as ancestor of Liu family and Han 4, 6, 259, 374, 496, 542; as exemplar 281; honours to 292
Yarkand 623
Yelang 487, 503
Yellow River, change of course 276; damage by 248; dykes of 102, 233, 450; floods 100, 133, 138, 505; inspection of 265; obstruction at Dizhu 446; proposed diversion 642; repairs 180, 182; in Wang Mang’s time 525; Xie Guang’s views 610
Yellow River, problems 186, 325, 381; (of c. 132 BC) 721; (of 29, 27 and 17 BC) 471, 560, 622, 640; (of AD 2) 164
Yi fa 451
Yi fei hou 200
Yi ji xiong 666
Yi jing shier pian Shi Meng Liangqiu san jia 239
Yi shu rang Taichang boshi 386
Yi tong lun 138
Yi Yin 730; services to 646
Yin and Yang 70, 71
Yin house, honours for 209, 248, 357; survivors of 214
Yin Yang 126, 645; call for experts under Yuandi 360
Yin Yang 645; harmony of 35
Ying Shao 4
Yinwan, archives from 252, 325
Yinyu Jiangjun 124
Yizhou commandery, foundation of 138, 570
Youji Jiangjun 151
Youju shi 240
Yu Chang Tianxia zhong chen 659
Yu Chu Zhou shuo 659
Yu gong 133
Yu lie fu 638
Yuan li 161, 705
Yuan miao 483
Yuan shang 218
Yuanshang pian 251
Yuanshou, regnal title 727
Yue fu 264, 277, 280, 381, 528, 595; reduction of staff 359
Yue ji 290, 433, 562
Yue jing 544
Yue ling 248
Yueshang people 323
Yulin Lang 615
Yumen 710
yun qi 253, 467
Yun qi Jiangjun 570
Yuping 100
yuying 615
Zai heng hujun 587
Zai yi Meng shi Jing Fang 200
Zaiheng 537
Zhang Chu, as a royal title 38
Zhang Heng 6
Zhangju 5
Zhangju Shi Meng Liangqiu shi ge er pian 239
Zhangsun shi shuo 700
Zhangye Dafu 132
Zhaode dance 339, 472
Zhaodi, paternity of 405
Zhaoji 610
Zhaomu 252, 266, 281, 326, 327, 343, 398, 542, 580, 647, 713
Zhaoxin cheng 713
Zhaoyi, title of 108, 356
Zhaoyu Da Jiangjun 532
Zhe jian 743
Zhechong Jiangjun 631
Zhen di Jiangjun 559
Zhen fa 53
zhen ren 655
Zhen yuan Jiangjun 231
Zheng Guo canal 442, 722
Zheng Jiangjun 747
Zheng, music of 13, 83, 201
Zhenhua Jiangjun 190
Zhenpan, establishment of commandery 630
Zhenwai Jiangjun 140
Zhenwei Jiangjun 533
Zhenwu Jiangjun 529
Zhenyuan Jiangjun 582
Zhizhi shi 8, 191, 203
Zhong dong tong ling jiang 296
Zhong yezhe cheng 33
Zhong zheng 740
Zhongjian Jiangjun 81
Zhongsan Dafu 292
Zhongxing, applied to Xuandi’s age 263, 266
Zhou Gong 170, 323, 347, 431, 538, 730; as an ideal 126; invoked by Wang Mang 672
Zhou guan, text of 290
Zhou, as exemplar 71, 82, 116, 281; bronze vessels of 655; emulation of 323; heritage of 545; honour for 276, 596, 639; honours to descendants; 209, 357 nobility for a descendant 262; tripods 615; values of 606
Zhou house, search for survivors 182
Zhou ideals rejected 266, 355
Zhou kings, example of 214, 261; praise of 372; services to 131
Zhou mu 155, 249, 670, 739
Zhou yi lin 55
Zhou You Wang, tomb desecrated 664
Zhou zhen 638
Zhou zhi 290
zhu (zither) 114
Zhu cao 195, 198, 269
Zhu Tian 671
Zhu tian Jiangjun 217
Zhuan Zhou wu xing xing du 110
Zhuang Zhou 749
Zhuangzi, value of 7
Zhuguo, as a title 118
Zhuli 207
Zhumo Jiangjun 634
Zi, title bestowed by Wang Mang 105
Zixu fu 632
zong, in posthumous titles 281, 310
Zuo cao 41, 87
Zuo guan Jiangjun 546
Zuo shi tiao li 185
Zuo yi 194
Zuo zhuan 189, 302, 496, 523, 608, 676, 677; cited 692; criticism of 93; specialist in 290; support for 95; value of 43; views of Liu Xin (1) 383
Zuzheng 543
Michael Loewe